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PICTURESQUE CINCINNATI. 




and John Filson. 



Bit of History. — Cincinnati, or Losanteviile 
as the place was first named (l'os-ante-ville, the 
town opposite the mouth), was settled in the lat- 
ter part of 1788 or beginning of 1789 by a party 
under Israel Ludlow. The ground on which the 
city stands was purchased by Matthias Denman, 
who associated with himself Robert Patterson 
The latter was killed by Indians on a visit to the 
site of the proposed settlement, and Ludlow took his place in the 
enterprise. The date of the settlement is involved in doubt ; although 
Dec. 28, 1788, is generally celebrated as the birthday of the town. 
While no especial incident marks the early history of the city, the 
Indians gave more than the usual trouble ; and it was not until after 
Harmar and St. Clair had been successively defeated by them, that 
Wayne secured, as the result of a decisive victory in 1794, a peace 
which was signed at Greenville in 1795. The progress of the settle- 
ment, delayed and crippled by Indian wars until the peace, was rapid 
afterwards. The site of the city was well chosen, for climate, natu- 
ral advantages, river communication, and was probably selected prin- 
cipally as being on the Indian trail between Detroit, the Great Lakes, 
and Lexington, Ky., where it crossed the Ohio River. The tide of 
Western emigration, as soon as it became safe, quickly peopled Cin- 
cinnati with a thrifty, energetic, and enterprising population. The 
growth of the city, though rapid, has been healthy. No back-set has 



Copyrighted, 1883, by The John Shillito Company. 



6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

ever seriously affected the onward march of the place. Neither epi- 
demic, commercial disaster, fire, war, nor wild speculation has roughly 
disturbed her course. What advance has been made has been main- 
tained, and in this fact lies the explanation and cause of the city's 
present position. 

The name of Cincinnati was given in 1790, when St. Clair came to 
the place as governor of the North-west Territory. Cincinnati was 
incorporated as a city in 1S19, and from that time has been a great 
centre, and holds a high rank among American cities in every depart- 
ment of trade, culture, influence, and wealth. 

A single lifetime has covered the existence of Cincinnati; for the 
first white child born in the place (William Moody, March 17, 1790) 
died in 1879. 

By the annexation of Columbia, the city has obtained the right to 
date back its settlement to November, 1788, as a party had landed 
and settled there previous to the coming of the party under Ludlow 
to Losanteville ; but five years 1 annexation has not overcome the his- 
tory of the previous eighty-five years, and Cincinnati still dates its 
existence from Dec. 28, 1788. — Julius Dexter. 

Academies. — See Schools. 

Academy of Medicine, the Cincinnati, was established in 1857; 
and its membership at present comprises about one hundred and 
twenty physicians of the regular school, principally alumni of the 
Medical College of Ohio. In 1874 a division was the result of a 
dispute about some point of medical ethics ; and about twenty mem- 
bers withdrew, and formed the Cincinnati Medical Society. During 
the spring, autumn, and winter months, the Academy holds weekly 
meetings, on Monday evenings, in the amphitheatre of the Ohio 
College of Dental Surgery. Membership fee, $3; annual subscrip- 
tion, $2. 

j*Etna Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., is the largest 
and strongest American fire-insurance company. Its cash capital is 
$4,000,000, and its gross assets almost $10,000,000. It has paid nearly 
$75,000,000 for losses. Its Western business, built up through the 
department located at Cincinnati, has played a most important part 
in the growth of this gigantic corporation. The vlitna owns the 
building, No. 171 Vine Street, and is considered to some extent a 
local institution. 

Aldermen and Aldermanic Districts. — The twenty-five wards 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 7 

of the city are equally divided into five aldermanic districts, from 
each of which six aldermen are elected to serve four years without 
compensation. The board, known also as the Upper House, meets 
regularly on the second and fourth Fridays of every month in the 
Council Chamber, City Building. The districts are as follows: First 
district: ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 7th wards; Second district: 5th, 6th, 
8th, 9th, and 10th wards; Third district: nth, 12th, 23d, 24th, and 
25th wards; Fourth district: 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 22d wards; 
Fifth district: 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st wards. The following 
are the names of the present board of aldermen: Michael Ryan, 
president; Samuel R. Smith, vice-president; Edwin Henderson, 
clerk. First District: Michael Kary, Charles M. Devitt, William L. 
Pettit, George N. Stone, Frank Vormohr. Second District: John T. 
Jones, Julius Reis, Samuel Mains, William Loder, James B. Wilson, 
George A. Schneider. Third District: Cassimir Baumann, Edward 
Felix, George W. Hill, Philip Nuber, Albert Williamson, William M. 
McGary. Fourth District: H. Riedemann, Jackson A. Armstrong, 
Charles Hess, Edward N. Wilson, W. M. Ampt, Washington T. Por- 
ter. Fifth District: William H. Hodgson, J. D. Holcomb, Thomas 
T. Shay, Jeremiah -Mahony, Moses Clinton, Samuel R. Smith. 

Alle mania Club, organized in 1849, occupies the beautiful free- 
stone building erected for the club in 1879, on tne north-west corner 
of Fourth Street and Central Avenue. The building and its elaborate 
furnishings cost nearly $100,000. In the third story is the Allemania 
Hall, with seating capacity of 500. There is a library of 1,500 vol- 
umes ; and parlors, reading, billiard, card, and chess rooms, besides a 
restaurant and bar. The club, comprising 200 Israelites, gives dur- 
ing the year many entertainments, to which none but members and a 
few persons invited by those taking part in the entertainment are 
admitted. At other times strangers can, upon invitation of a mem- 
ber, visit the club-house. The membership fees are : initiation, $25, 
and clues S3 a month. Non-residents introduced by members are 
granted the privileges of the club at $5 a month. 

Alencon, Point-Lace (or Point d'Alencon). — Its first appearance 
in France was in the year 1665, 'and it was first made by Madame 
Gilbert, a native of Alencon. This lace is made entirely by hand with 
a fine needle, upon a parchment pattern, in small pieces, afterward 
united by invisible seams. Each part is executed by a special work- 
man. Formerly it required eighteen different hands to complete a 



8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

piece of lace : the number, we believe, is now reduced to twelve. 
The design, engraved upon a copper plate, is printed off in divisions 
upon pieces of parchment ten inches long, each numbered according 
to their order. They are then passed from one worker to another 
until the different operations are completed ; and then remains the 
great work of uniting all these segments imperceptibly together. 
This is done by a seam following as closely as possible the outlines 
of the pattern. Point d'Aleneon is of a solidity which defies time 
and washing, and has been justly called the " Queen of Lace." For 
the largest assortment of fine point-laces in all the best makes, visit 
The John Shillito Company. 

American Protestant Association, as its name implies, is com- 
posed of men whose principles are opposed to the tenets of the 
Roman Catholic Church. It partakes largely of a political character, 
but is ostensibly a social organization. There are 15 lodges and 
encampments in the city, with an aggregate membership of 2,500. 

American Sunday-school Union, organized in Philadelphia in 
1824, has two prime objects, — to establish and maintain Sunday 
schools, and to publish and circulate moral and religious literature. 
The Union is non-sectarian, ten different denominations being repre- 
sented in the board of managers. It employs missionaries who 
devote their whole time to establishing Bible-schools throughout the 
country. 

American Tract Society, instituted in New York in 1825, has 
for its object the diffusion of " a knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ 
as the Redeemer of sinners, and to promote the interests of vital god- 
liness and sound morality by the circulation of religious tracts calcu- 
lated to meet the approbation of all evangelical Christians." The 
Western Tract Society and Presbyterian Board of Publication are 
located at 176 Elm Street. 

Amusements. — See Bellevue House, Coliseum, Esher's New 
Palace, Grand Opera House, Heuck's Opera House, Highland House, 
Lookout Opera House, Price's Hill, Robinson's Opera House, Vine- 
street Opera House, Zoological Society. 

Arbeiter Halle, No. 474 Walnut Street, north of Thirteenth 
Street, belongs to the Arbeiter Bund (workingmen's society). The 
building contains a large hall, two small halls, and eight large com- 
mittee-rooms, besides a large bar and billiard-room. The association 
has been in existence twenty-eight years, and the hall was erected to 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 9 

meet its wants. Twenty-seven trades-unions, benevolent associations, 
and singing societies, make this building their place of meeting. The 
hall is sustained by receipts from rents and the proceeds of the bar 
and billiard-room. 

Arcade. — See Emery Arcade. 

Archery has established itself as a permanent and prominent 
feature of amusements in Cincinnati. The Westwood was the first 
club to begin shooting, and had been doing so for some time before 
Maurice Thompson aroused the country by his stirring magazine- 
articles in 1877. In July of that year was started the Sagittarian 
Club of Walnut Hills, and also about the same time the College-hill 
Archery Club. These three clubs were organized by adoption of 
constitutions," election of officers and members, and are still leading 
clubs. The College-hill Club kept for two years its original mem- 
bers ; but in 1879 a P art °f them withdrew, and with other persons 
organized the Waverley Archery Club of College Hill. The clubs 
named, and the Ivanhoe Archery Club of East Walnut Hills, organ- 
ized in 1878, include the best shots of this city and its vicinity. The 
Westwood meets every Wednesday afternoon, on the grounds of Jas. 
N. Gamble at Westwood, and shoots ten rounds of three arrows each 
at a forty-eight-inch target ; ladies shooting at a distance of thirty 
yards, and gentlemen at forty yards. The College-hill meets every 
Tuesday, and the Waverley every Wednesday afternoon, on the 
grounds of some members at College Hill, and shoots the regulation 
round. The Ivanhoe meets Friday afternoon, on the grounds of 
members at East Walnut Hills. The Sagittarian meets on Saturday, 
on its grounds, called Ashland Range, at Walnut Hills, and begins 
shooting at 4 p.m. The regular round is shot at same distances as 
those of the Westwood. Visitors interested in archery can easily get 
an invitation to witness the games through an acquaintance with a 
member of some club. There is a long list of other archery-clubs, 
which are scattered throughout the city and its suburbs. 

Area of Cincinnati for twenty-five years previous to 1870, when 
the first annexation was made, was 4,480 acres, or seven square miles. 
The territory annexed in 1870 amounted to 8,085 acres, or 12.75 
square miles. The last annexation, in 1873, brought in 2,695 acres, 
or 4.25 square miles. Total number of acres, 15,260; total square 
miles, 24. The Ohio-river frontage of the city, from Columbia on 
the east to Riverside on the west, is 11 miles. 



io Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Army, the. — The military protection of the city consists of five 
companies of the First Regiment of Ohio National Guards, under 
command of Col. C. B. Hunt. The regiment is organized under 
the militia laws of the State, and is uniformed in the United-States 
regulation uniform. 

The Second Battery Light Artillery, Ohio National Guards, organ- 
ized under the State militia laws, consists of eighty young men, with 
an armament of four six-pound bronze guns, with caissons, battery, 
wagon and equipments complete, sabres and revolvers. The com- 
pany is under command of Capt. W. H. Murphy, with armory located 
at Power Hall, Exposition Buildings. 

The police-force is also drilled in the manual of arms. The mili- 
tary companies will average about 60 men, rank and file, the artillery 
80, and the drilled police 325; making a total of 705 available sol- 
diers. The city owns a Gatling gun, bought during the railroad riots 
of 1877, which is in charge of the superintendent of police. 

Art. — Cincinnati is making rapid strides towards becoming one 
of the American art-centres ; and, although the public art institutions 
are but few, there are a number of valuable and extensive collections 
owned by the citizens, and the visitor who obtains the privilege of 
seeing some of these collections will probably be surprised to find 
so many art-treasures stored away in this city. A realizing sense of 
the importance of having permanent buildings for an Art Museum 
caused to be incorporated in 1879 a Women's Art-Museum Associa- 
tion, with power to receive and hold gifts for such a building and its 
contents. From various sources, such as lectures, loan exhibitions, 
private donations, and bequests, several thousand dollars have been 
realized. 

The amount required to accomplish the desired end was large, 
and the prospect of immediate success very small. At this juncture 
another of Cincinnati's generous millionnaires, Mr. Charles W. West, 
came forward with a formal donation of $150,000 for the purpose of 
founding a museum, upon condition that the citizens subscribe a like 
amount; which was at once done. Mr. West also donated $150,000 
as an endowment for the museum. 

The acquisitions of rare and valuable objects have been much 
larger in number than could well have been anticipated so early in 
the history of the enterprise. The present location of the museum 
is in the south wing of Music Hall. The permanent building will be 



Picturesque Cincinnati.' n 

located in Eden Park, and will be of the Florentine Romanesque 
style. 

The other art-institutions are the School of Design, the Ohio 
Mechanics' Institute, and Fry's Carving School, all of which are 
noticed in their alphabetical places. Among the many noteworthy 
private collections are the paintings of Joseph Longworth, Henry 
Probasco, George Hoadly, George K. Shoenberger, Reuben R. 
Springer, William S. Groesbeck, John L. Stettinius, L. B. Harrison, 
W. W. Scarborough, and Nathaniel F. Baker; the bronzes of Eras- 
mus Gest; the engravings of William Karrmann, J. Le Boutillier, 
S. C. Tatem, William Henry Davis, and George McLaughlin. The 
hall of William Hooper's residence at East Walnut Hills has been 
carved throughout by pupils of the School of Design and Henry L. 
Fry. The principal and oldest art-store is that of William Wiswell, 
No. 70 West Fourth Street, who has been engaged in the art-business 
in this city for forty-seven years. The other chief art-stores are 
those of P. Smith & Co., No. 141 West Fifth Street, and A. B. Clos- 
son, jun., No. 186 West Fourth Street, both having very pretty art- 
galleries. (See Etching Club, Painters, Pottery, Sculptors.) 

Astronomical Society, the Cincinnati, was organized in May, 
1842 ; and on the 16th of June next Prof. O. M. Mitchel was sent to 
Europe, under the auspices of the society, to obtain such information 
as might facilitate the building of an observatory, and to make ar- 
rangements for the purchase of astronomical instruments At Munich 
he contracted for an object-glass, celebrated throughout Europe for 
its. clearness and accuracy. It was placed in the Cincinnati Observa- 
tory, and cost when mounted $9,500. The amount needed for this 
purchase, and also for the building, was raised by shares of $25 each, 
to which all classes of persons subscribed. The corner-stone of the 
observatory was laid by John Quincy Adams, Nov. 9, 1843, on a four- 
acre lot, situated on the summit of Mount Adams, and donated by 
Nicholas Longworth. In 1872, the old site on Mount Adams having 
become unsuitable by reason of the noise and smoke of the city, the 
Longworth heirs joined with the Astronomical Society in an agree- 
ment to give the grounds to the city, to be sold, and the proceeds to 
be donated to the School of Drawing and Design ; the city agreeing, 
on its part, to sustain an observatory in connection with the Univer- 
sity of Cincinnati. The building, with the grounds, was sold in 1872 
to the Passionists Fathers, and is now used as a monastery. John 



i 2 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Kilgour gave four acres of land on Mount Lookout as a site for the 
new building; and the Astronomical Society donated all their instru- 
ments and reports, and became extinct. (See Observatory.) 

Athletic Club, the Cincinnati, is an amateur association formed 
by a number of respectable young men of Cincinnati to encourage all 
manly sports, and to promote physical culture. It was organized in 
1S79, and has its headquarters at the rooms of the Cincinnati Gym- 
nasium. All members of the club are also members of the gymna- 
sium. Its officers are Frank Wright, president; and Ed. Lucius, 
secretary. 

Aurora Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincinnati 
was incorporated in 187 1. Its cash capital is $100,000; total assets, 
$146,441. Since its organization it has paid for losses $471,020. The 
company has about 100 agencies scattered through six States. The 
office is No. 6 West Fourth Street, where it has been for the past 
twelve years. The president is C. J. Krebiel, and the secretary is F. 
Goule. 

Avenue, the, is the popular name of Spring-grove Avenue, which 
begins at Harrison Avenue opposite the northern terminus of Mc- 
Lean Avenue, and runs north past United Railroads Stock-yards, 
through Cumminsville, past Spring Grove, Chester Park, and Spring 
Lake, to its junction with the Carthage Pike, — a distance of five 
miles. The roadway is a hundred feet wide, each side being occupied 
by a horse-railway track as far as Cumminsville. A single track 
extends from Cumminsville to Spring Grove. Noble silver poplars, 
on both sides, give generous shade nearly the whole day ; and part 
of the way a double row of trees covers the car-track on either side. 
The grade is almost level the entire distance. The centre roadway, 
thirty feet wide, is made of screened gravel ; and on both sides of 
the roadway is a loam and sand track twenty-five feet wide. It is 
the popular evening drive, and the most favorable test-road around the 
city for fast horses. Toll is collected at two gates. The Seventh- 
street, John-street, and Baymiller-street horse-cars connect with the 
horse-cars on the Avenue. 

Avondale is a suburb of Cincinnati, joining the city on the north, 
and lying east of Clifton. Its southern boundary is two miles and a 
half from Fountain Square. The Cincinnati Northern Narrow-gauge 
Railway has a branch road running to this suburb. There are also 
two lines of street-cars, — one via the inclined plane at Mount Adams, 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 13 

and the other up Broadway and Lebanon Turnpike. It is one of the 
most beautiful of the suburbs, many of Cincinnati's wealthiest busi- 
ness-men having elegant residences therein. 

Banks, State and National. — First National, north-west corner 
Third and Walnut; Fourth National, north-east corner Third and 
Walnut; Merchants' National, 75 West Third; National Lafayette 
and Bank of Commerce, 18 West Third; Second National, north- 
west corner Court and Main; Third National, 65 West Third; Bank 
of Cincinnati, 31 West Third; Commercial Bank, 132 Main; Frank- 
lin Bank. 14 West Third; German National Bank, south-west corner 
Third and Walnut ; Western German Bank, north-east corner Twelfth 
and Vine ; Citizens' National Bank, 51 West Third ; Exchange 
National Bank, 34 West Third; Metropolitan National Bank, 25 
West Third ; Union National Bank, 90 West Third ; Queen City 
National Bank, 53 West Third; Cincinnati National Bank, 90 West 
Third. 

Baptist Churches. — See Churches. 

Bar Association, the Cincinnati, was organized for the advance- 
ment of legal knowledge, and the better and more convenient dis- 
charge of professional duties connected therewith. George Hoadly 
is the president, and nearly all the prominent lawyers of the city are 
members. Besides having an annual banquet, the association meets 
at the Literary-club Rooms whenever any business is to be transacted. 
The assessment is $5 a year. 

Barracks, the Newport, owned by the United-States Government, 
are situated on the point of Newport, Ky., where the Licking River 
empties into the Ohio. The grounds once included five acres and a 
half, but a part have since been washed away. The river-front is 
protected by a wall of masonry. The permanent buildings occupy 
the outer portions of the square. They enclose a parade-ground, and 
have accommodations for three companies, although six hundred men 
have been quartered there. At present it is the headquarters for the 
Department of the South. The barracks are reached most con- 
veniently by the Newport Ferry, which has a landing about three 
hundred yards from the main gates. 

Base Ball. — There is one professional club and innumerable 
amateur clubs in Cincinnati. The professional club, named after our 
city, is incorporated, holds membership in the American Alliance, and 
has enclosed grounds at the foot of Bank Street, about two miles from 



14 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Fountain Square. They arc accessible by means of all the west-end 
lines of street-cars. The amateur clubs play their games both at the 
Cincinnati grounds and at the old Ball Park on the Avenue, while 
innumerable games are played in every available vacant lot in the 
citv or its suburbs. Cincinnati is a great city for base-ball. Some 
of the games frequently bring out an attendance of upwards of ten 
thousand people. 

Baths, Public. — There is one public swimming-bath in the city, 
moored in the summer in the Ohio River at the foot of Broadway. 
It consists of a boat 200 by 50 feet, with 86 dressing-rooms. A cur- 
rent of water 4J feet in" depth constantly passes through it. There 
is a swimming-school attached ; the basin being 20 feet square, and 
the water from 2\ to 3.7 feet deep. Price of a single bath, 15 cents; 
season tickets, $5. Public bath-houses are numerous throughout the 
city. Most of the hotels have public bathing accommodations. At 
many of the bath-establishments, Turkish, electric, sea-salt, and medi- 
cated baths are furnished. Prices range from 20 cents to $1.50, 
according to the kind of bath. 

Bellevue is a suburb of Newport, Ky., lying directly east of that 
city, and west of Dayton. It is regularly built, and is inhabited prin- 
cipally by workingmen and men of moderate means, who do business 
in Cincinnati. It is about three miles from Fountain Square, and is 
reached by the Newport and Dayton line of street-cars, which start 
in Cincinnati from Fountain Square. 

Bellevue House. — One of the famous hill-top resorts of the city- 
It is situated at the head of the Cincinnati and Clifton Inclined-plane 
Railway. The hill on which it stands is an almost abrupt rise of 300 
feet above McMicken Avenue. Two beautiful views of the city under 
the hills can be had from the terrace, — one covering the Mill-creek 
Valley, the other all that portion of the city west of Mount Adams 
and north of Fourth Street. The grounds attached comprise about 
12 acres, in which are an immense pavilion, a park, and an orchard. 
The esplanade, overlooking the city, is 500 feet long, and 150 feet 
wide. This, as well as the main halls and the floor of the- pavilion, 
is covered with chairs and refreshment-tables. As many as ten thou- 
sand people can be accommodated, and a much larger number has 
frequently been entertained in one evening. The grounds are largely 
used for picnics, balls, and private parties. The entire place is open 
at all times, and the admission is almost always free. Horse-cars, — 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 17 

Elm-street and Vine-street lines, which take passengers to the Inclined 
Plane. The distance is i-J miles from Fountain Square. 

B'nai B'rith, a mutual-benefit order of Israelites, has seven lodges 
in Cincinnati, six of which meet weekly in the lodge-room, north-east 
corner of Fifth Street and Central Avenue. The sick-benefits are 
S4 a week ; the dues do not exceed $25 a year ; death assessments, 
75 cents each. These fees cover an endowment insurance of $1,000, 
and are obligatory on all the members. Connected with the order, 
but not obligatory on the members, is an insurance feature of $2,000, 
payable at death to the heirs of the deceased. This order instituted 
the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland, supported by the lodges 
throughout District No. 2, which comprises the States of Ohio, 
Indiana, and Kentucky. 

Board of Trade and Transportation collects, preserves, and 
circulates information relating to the business of Cincinnati, especial- 
ly the facts relating to its manufacturing interests ; encourages wise 
and needful legislation, and opposes the enactment of laws likely to 
prove pre judical to the commercial and manufacturing interests. It 
studies the workings of the system of transportation, and endeavors 
to remedy its defects and abuses, as well as to secure just rates of 
freight, the discontinuance of overcharges, and the prompt settlement 
of damages on goods shipped. It facilitates the adjustment of con- 
troversies between its members and others, and strives to promote 
the industrial interests of the city. Its voting membership is about 
300 ; the annual dues being, for firms, $30 ; for individuals, $20. Its 
rooms are No. 55 West Fourth Street, and are open every week-day. 
Visitors admitted. 

Boards, the various, of public offices, will be found under the 
head expressing the chief idea of the office : e.g., for Board of Alder- 
men, see Aldermen; for Board of Education, see Education, etc. 

Bohemian Benevolent Association. — Composed of about 150 
persons, who immigrated to this city from Bohemia, and who have 
united for mutual benefit. Its meetings are held every second Mon- 
day night at Arbeiter Halle. 

Boman's is a name given to the former homestead of Gen. M. S. 
Wade. In its day it was one of the finest villas in Ohio ; but it has 
since degenerated into a lunch, beer, and wine resort for persons 
driving along the roads in Avondale, Walnut Hills, and the surround- 
ing country. 



iS Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Bond Hill is a station on the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, 
about nine miles from Cincinnati. It was located in 1870, and has a 
population of about 600. 

Bonds of Cincinnati are regarded by capitalists as securities as 
safe a> those offered by the bonds of any American city. The first 
bond was issued in 1834 ; and since that time the city has never failed 
to promptly pay its bonds at maturity, and has never issued a renewal 
bond. The following statement shows the security offered by a Cin- 
cinnati bond: assessed valuation of real estate and personal property 
for the year ending June 30, 1882, about $166,986,000; valuation of 
property owned by the city, $35,887,000; amount of sinking-fund, 
Jan. 1, 1 8S3, $3,180,398 ; cash in bank Jan. 1, 1883, $104,857; total, 
$39,172,973; total bonded debt, Jan. 1, 1883, $27,120,707 ; balance in 
favor of the city, $12,052,266. 

Books relating to Cincinnati. — The chief works are: Notices 
concerning Cincinnati, 1810, by Daniel Drake; Natural and Statis- 
tical View of Cincinnati, 181 5, by Daniel Drake; Cincinnati in 1826, 
by Benjamin Drake and E. D. Mansfield; Tales and Sketches from 
the Queen City, 1838, by Benjamin Drake ; Cincinnati in 1841, in 
1S5 r , and in 1859 (three volumes), by Charles Cist; The Queen City, 
1869, ty George E. Stevens ; Suburbs of Cincinnati, 1870, by Sid- 
ney D. Maxwell; Illustrated Cincinnati, 1875, by Daniel J. Kenny; 
Cincinnati Illustrated, 1879, by Daniel J. Kenny. "Boston (Mass.) 
Daily Advertiser," July 28, 1879, published a four-column review of 
the city, by Moses King. The Encyclopaedia Britannica and the 
American Encyclopaedia have long reviews. (The above books and 
reviews can be seen at the rooms of the Historical and Philosophical 
Society.) 

Bookstores. — The principal general bookstores are those of 
Robert Clarke & Co., 65 West Fourth Street; Peter G, Thomson, 
179 Vine; George E. Stevens, 39 West Fourth; Methodist Book 
Concern, 190 West Fourth; J. R. Ilawley, 164 Vine; Perry & Mor- 
ton, 162 Vine ; and Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue. 

Bottoms, the. — That portion of the city, principally devoted to 
business, lying on the plateau between Third Street and the Ohio 
River, is now known as the " Bottom." What are known as Mill- 
creek Bottoms lie west of McLean Avenue, and south of Cummins- 
ville. Deer-creek Bottom, now occupied by Eggleston Avenue, is a 
thing of the past. 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 19 

Boys 1 Protectory, situated at Delhi, eight miles west of the city, 
is in charge of the Brotherhood of St. Francis. It is a home for 
the education and maintenance of orphan and other destitute boys 
between the ages of five and 'seventeen years, who are taught the 
rudiments of an education, and a useful trade. There are about one 
hundred and twenty children in the institution. The city office is 
corner of Stone and Longworth Streets. 

Bradstreet Company's Mercantile Agency have a branch office 
at 7S and 80 West Third Street, employing more than thirty clerks 
under the superintendence of Levi C. Goodale. Bradstreet's issues 
a " Book of Reports " quarterly, showing the names and standing 
of every firm and corporation in the United States and Canada , a 
daily sheet showing failures, dissolutions, judgments, etc., and writ 
ten reports about any firm or corporation. Over nine thousand 
inquiries a month are answered at the Cincinnati office, which is one 
of the forty-four main offices scattered throughout North America. 

Breweries. — However favorable to total-abstinence principles a 
writer may be, he cannot neglect to mention, in a description of Cin- 
cinnati, the breweries and distilleries; for they constitute two of the 
most important industries of the city. In regard to the breweries, it 
can be said that in the year ending January, 1881, there were twenty- 
three of them, having a total invested capital of $3,195,000, occupy 
ing real estate valued at $2,398,000, giving employment to about 900 
persons, and manufacturing $4,740,000 worth of beer. The visitor, 
whether a total abstainer or not, should surely see some of the great 
breweries ; for in no other way can he comprehend the magnitude of 
the business done. 

Bridges. — Three immense structures span the Ohio River at 
Cincinnati, the most notable of which is the suspension bridge con 
necting Cincinnati with Covington. It is the largest single span of 
its class in the world. The Cincinnati approach begins at Front 
Street, midway between Walnut and Vine. Water Street is crossed 
at a height of 15 feet by a bridge of boiler-iron. On the south side 
of Water Street is the anchor pit ; and 300 feet farther on, at the 
water's edge, is the tower, 230 feet high, over which the gigantic 
cables pass. The towers are higher, and each contains more stone, 
than the Bunker-hill Monument. The distance between this tower 
and the one on the Kentucky shore is 1,057 feet. The bridge is 36 
feet wide, and contains two wavs for pedestrians, two carriage-wavs, 



20 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 




Suspension Bridge. 

and a double track for 
street-railroads. The cables contain 10,400 
wires, and are each 12^ inches in diameter, j - 
weighing nearly 2,000,000 pounds. The total J^ 
length of the 'bridge is 2,252 feet. In the 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 21 

centre it is 103 feet above low-water mark. It was opened to travel in 
1867, and cost $1,800,000. The various lines of Covington and one line 
of Newport street-cars cross the bridge, which is five squares from the 
esplanade. Toll for foot-passengers, three cents. The bridge con- 
necting Cincinnati with Newport, Ky., is a mile east of the suspen- 
sion-bridge, and is 100 feet above low-water mark. The channel span 
is 405 feet in length. The structure is of wrought iron, and rests on 
1 1 piers, and together with its approaches is 3,090 feet long. It was 
built for the Louisville Short-line Railroad, but contains also two 
ways for foot-passengers, and a double carriage-way, in which is a 
street-railroad track for one of the Newport lines of horse-cars. 
The Cincinnati Southern Railroad Bridge, connecting Cincinnati with 
Ludlow, Ky., is used exclusively for railway purposes. It is about 
a mile and a half west of the suspension-bridge. With its ap- 
proaches, it is over a mile in length. It is of wrought iron, and has 
five piers in the water; the longest span being 510 feet, and the short- 
est 300 feet. It is 103 feet above low water. 

Brighton is that portion of the city extending from the junction 
of Freeman Street with Central Avenue, west to Mill Creek. It 
was originally the site of the former stock-yards : hence its name. 
The Brighton House, a popular hotel with stock-raisers for many 
years, but now torn down, was at one time the favorite suburban 
resort. The encroachments of the city up the valley necessitated 
the removal of the stock yards, and with their departure the greatness 
of the hotel vanished. Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, 
is within the limits of Brighton. The horse-car stables of the John- 
street, Baymiller-street, and Seventh-street lines are located here. 

Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, organized in 1855, has 
branches throughout the United States. The Cincinnati branch has 
about 100 members. It is a secret benevolent order, and since its 
organization has distributed over $1,000,000 in benefits to sick and 
disabled members and their families. 

Bucktown, a name given to the district lying in the Deer-creek 
Bottom, east of Broadway. It was formerly wholly inhabited by 
negroes and the lowest and most depraved class of whites : hence 
its name. The march of factory improvement, the building of 
Eggleston Avenue, and filling-up of the old canal, have driven many 
of its old inhabitants to other sections; and Bucktown will probably, 
in a few vears, exist only in name. 



22 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Builders' Exchange occupies rooms 55 West Fourth Street. It was 
organized in 1878, for "the collection and dissemination of statistics 
and information of value to any or all of the several trades engaged 
in the building business ; the mutual improvement and advancement 
of all artisans and tradesmen in their several avocations connected 
with said business; the peaceable settlement of matters in dispute 
between contractors, sub-contractors, and employers ; the advantages 
of a general place of meeting for the transaction of business ; the 
establishment and enforcement of such lawful rules and methods of 
procedure as may be deemed for the best interests of the association 
and its various members; and to do any and all other things falling 
within the general scope of the business and procedures of such 
associations." The dues are $10 a year. 

Building Associations, of which there are about 170, receive 
nearly $100,000 a week in instalments of 25 cents, 50 cents, and 
$1, on each share of stock. This money is loaned, at six per cent 
interest, secured by first mortgages or bonds, only to members. The 
interest is paid weekly, along with the instalments. It is decided to 
which members to loan the money by one of two systems, known as 
the "auction" and "drawing" systems. In the "auction," the one 
bidding the highest premium has the right of asking the first loan, 
the next-highest bidder the second loan, and so on. In the "draw- 
ing," it is decided by lot in what order the loans are to be made. 
As a rule, only $400 are loaned to the holder of one share of stock, 
and by law no person can borrow more than $8,000 from any one 
association. These building associations enable persons of small 
incomes to build homes, and also to derive a profit from their " de- 
posits ; " for when the societies close up, usually every six years, the 
profits are divided among the members, or " shareholders." 

Burial-Places. — See Cemeteries. 

Burnet Residence, on the north-west corner of Seventh and Elm 
Streets, is the old family mansion of the late Judge Jacob Burnet, 
who is famous among other things for having entertained in a most 
hospitable manner the distinguished visitors of his time. When the 
house was built, in 1824, it was the handsomest and most commodi- 
ous family residence in the city ; and the grounds comprised the 
whole square bounded by Seventh, Elm, Eighth, and Plum Streets. 
It is to-day one of those comfortable and roomy old-fashioned houses 
having a wide hall through the centre, and is occupied by a family 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 23 

keeping a few boarders. The grounds now comprise about one-fourth 
of the square. 

Burnet House, on the north-west corner of Third and Vine 
Streets, has about 300 rooms in all, and accommodations for 600 
guests The hotel is on the American plan, the terms being $3 and 
S4 a day. When built, in 1849, »* was one °f tne grandest and most 
spacious hotels in the world. The building, including the terrace, 
fronts 212 feet on Third Street and 210 feet on Vine Street. It is 
six stories high, and has a dome 42 feet in diameter and 100 feet 
above the basement floor. In 1875 the whole interior was remodelled, 
and is now up to the standard required of first-class hotels. The per- 
fect management, the desirable location, and the superior accommo- 
dations make it one of the most attractive hotels in the city, The 
Burnet has always enjoyed the patronage of the most noted person- 
ages ; and among its guests have been James Buchanan, Abraham 
Lincoln, US Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, the Prince of Wales, Lord 
Lyons, the Duke of Newcastle, Louis Kossuth, Lewis Cass, John C. 
Breckenridge, Stephen A. Douglas, Salmon P. Chase, Horace Gree- 
ley, John Mitchell, Jefferson Davis, Gens. Sherman, Burnside, Sheri- 
dan, and Thomas, Edwin Forrest, Edwin Booth, John E. Owens, 
Jenny Lind, Ristori, Charlotte Cushman, Carlotta and Adelina Patti, 
Formes, Grisi, Wachtel, Nilsson, Cary, Roze, Gerster, Mary Ander- 
son, and many others. The numerous daily arrivals show that the 
Burnet is still a favorite hotel with the best class of travellers. On 
the Third-street side is the commodious and excellent Burnet-house 
Restaurant, where about 500 business men are accustomed to take 
their dinners. The president is J. W. Dunklee, the secretary T. W. 
Zimmerman, and the treasurer O. G. Barnes. 

Burnet-woods Park lies directly north of the city, and about two 
miles from Fountain Square, and contains 163^ acres, about one- 
third of which is improved. The purchase was made in 1873, anc ^ 
the improvements begun in 1875 There is a lake of about three 
acres, used in winter for skating, and in summer for boating. The 
improvements have cost $63,000. One of the wealthy citizens pro- 
poses to erect and stock, in the near future, a museum similar to the 
famous Kensington Museum in London ; and one of the prominent 
knolls is suggested as the site. Free open-air concerts are given each 
week, the funds being provided by an endowment of $50,000 made by 
William S Groesbeck. Horse-cars. — Vine-street and Elm-street lines. 



24 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Butchers' Melting Association, organized as a joint-stock com- 
pany by Cincinnati butchers in 1854, and buildings erected at the 
intersection of John and Findlay Streets, in the region then known 
as Texas. The association is now in few hands; and the surplus fat, 
which was formerly rendered into lard and tallow for the butchers, 
is at present bought by the association, and, after rendering, put on 
the market for sale. Association wagons collect all refuse fat, bones, 
and scraps from the numerous butcher-stalls throughout the city. 

Caledonian Society, an association for the purpose of assisting 
destitute Scotchmen and their families residing in this country. It 
was instituted in 1832, and numbers among its members about forty 
prominent and wealthy Scots. It has a fund for the relief of mem- 
bers who may become needy. The officers are elected annually, and 
an annual banquet is held on St. Andrew's Day. 

California, a suburb on the east side of the Little Miami River, 
fronting on the Ohio, is in Hamilton County, eight miles from 
Fountain Square. It is a manufacturing place to some extent, and 
the home of a number of Cincinnati business-men. Population 
about 600. 

Camp Washington, now a portion of the twenty-fourth ward, 
lies between the site of the old Brighton House and Cumminsville, 
on both sides of the Colerain Pike. It received its name from hav- 
ing been the rendezvous of the First and Second Ohio Regiments at 
the beginning of the Mexican War in 1846, when it was a grove. It 
is now thickly settled, having a population of 3,000. The Work- 
house and House of Refuge are here located. The Avenue horse- 
ears traverse its entire length. 

Canals. — The Miami and Erie Canal, begun about 1820, and 
popularly termed the " Rhine," traverses the city in a south-easterly 
direction from Cumminsville to the Little Miami Railroad Depot, 
where it empties through an underground tunnel into the Ohio 
River. From Canal Street and Sycamore Street to the river, it has 
been converted into an immense sewer, known as Eggleston-avenue 
Sewer. Through the city proper it runs south from McMicken 
Avenue on Plum Street to Canal Street, which should properly be 
called Eleventh Street. A right angle is here made, and an easterly 
direction is taken to Sycamore Street, where the canal is lost in the 
sewer. The portion of the city north-cast of this angle is settled by 
Germans, and is the district popularly known as " Over the Rhine." 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



2 5 



The Whitewater Canal was abandoned sixteen years ago ; and the 
rails of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Lafayette Railroad now 
occupy its bed, and the Central Avenue freight-depot is on its 
basin. 

Carthage, a suburban village about eight miles from Fountain 
Square, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton and the Dayton 
Short-line Railroads, contains many elegant private residences, and 
has a population of about 1,500 persons, most of whom do business 

j in the city. It is approached 

"->> by private conveyance by way 




of Spring-grove 
Avenue and the 
Carthage Pike. 
Longview In- 
sane Asylum, 
the city and 
countv infirm a- 



Vieiu of the Canal. 



ries, and county 
fair-grounds are 
on the outskirts 
of the village; 
and the Col- 



ored Lunatic Asylum is within a short distance of it. 

Carthage Pike. — Leaving Fountain Square, the traveller passes 
northward on Vine Street to Hammond Street, in Corrvville, which 
is the beginning of the Carthage Pike proper. Continuing northward, 
he passes Burnet-woods Park, Clifton, the Zoological Gardens, through 
Mount St. Bernard, on to the junction with Spring-grove Avenue, a 
distance of five miles. Continuing, he passes Longview Asylum and 
the Colored Lunatic Asylum before Carthage is reached, a distance of 



26 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

eight miles. North of Carthage he passes the Hamilton-county Fair 
Grounds, the County Infirmary, through the beautiful suburb of 
Glendale, and on to Hamilton, in Butler County. It is a beautiful 
drive. The Vine-street Hill, which is over half a mile in length, 
can be avoided by taking Spring-grove Avenue to the junction. 

Casino is a stone structure on the highest point of land in Eden 
Park. It is also called the Shelter House and Weather House. Its 
elevation is 420 feet above the level of the river; and a grand view of 
the park, the river, the city, Walnut Hills, Mount Auburn, and Avon- 
dale, can be had from its balconies. It is used as a place for rest 
and shelter in the park, and is supplied with chairs and cold water. 

Cathedral. — See St. Peter's Cathedral. 

Catholic Institute Building, on the north-west corner of Long- 
worth and Vine Streets, is owned by David Sinton, and contains the 
Grand Opera Plouse on the ground floor, and Mozart Hall in the 
third story, besides the rooms devoted to the purposes of the insti- 
tute itself, which are the propagation of the dogmas of the Church 
of Rome. 

Catholics. — This city is the arch-diocese of Cincinnati, compris- 
ing all that part of Ohio south of 40 41'. The first bishop of this 
diocese was the Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, consecrated in 1822 ; after 
whom came the Most Rev. J. B. Purcell as bishop in 1833, and arch- 
bishop in 1850. In January, 1880, the Holy See appointed the Rt. 
Rev. William H. Elder coadjutor to Archbishop Purcell. It is 
claimed, that, of the population of Cincinnati, 100,000 are Catholics. 
They own 36 churches, besides a number of convents, five academies 
for girls, two colleges for young men, and about a dozen chapels. 
There are 31 parochial schools, attended by 15,000 children. For 
list of their churches and chapels, see Churches. 

Catholic Religious Orders. — Brothers of the Holy Cross have 
charge of St. Joseph's College for boys, on Eighth Street, near Cen- 
tral Avenue. Franciscan Friars have their principal novitiate cor- 
ner Vine and Liberty Streets. The brothers of this order have 
charge of the Boys' Protectory at Delhi. The Fathers have charge 
of St. Francis, St. John, St. George, and St. Bonaventure churches, 
and also of a preparatory school having sixty pupils. Jesuit Fathers 
have charge of St. Xavier's church and college. Passionist Fathers, 
an order of monks founded by St. Paul of the Cross, occupy the 
building on Mount Adams formerly used by the Cincinnati Observa- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 27 

tory. Sisters of Charity conduct one of the largest and finest young- 
ladies' academies in this vicinity. It is situated at Cedar Grove, on 
the Warsaw Pike. They also serve as teachers in the parochial 
schools, and as nurses in the Good Samaritan and other hospitals, 
besides having charge of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum at Cummins- 
ville. Their principal novitiate is at Delhi. Sisters of Mercy have 
a convent on Fourth Street, between Central Avenue and John 
Street. It was established in 1858. These sisters visit the sick and 
destitute, the jails and hospitals, and provide a home and. instruction 
for poor girls. Sisters of Notre Dame have their chief novitiate, or 
" mother-house," on Sixth Street, between Sycamore Street and 
Broadway. Besides conducting academies at the " mother-house," 
and at the corner Court and Mound Streets, they teach pupils of the 
parochial schools, and also manage the Mount Notre Dame Academy 
at Reading. Sisters of the Good Shepherd help unfortunate girls and 
children exposed to temptation. They have a refuge on Bank, be- 
tween Baymiller and Freeman Streets, and a girls' protectory on 
Baum Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. Sisters of the Poor 
of St. Francis, corner Third and Lytic Streets, take care of the 
sick in St. Mary's and other hospitals. Ladies of the Sacred Heart, 
composed of highly educated ladies, give instruction" to the children 
of the wealthy class. Recently they bought the handsome Neff place 
in Clifton, and in it conduct their school. The Little Sisters' of the 
Poor have their novitiate on the Montgomery Road. Their special 
work is the care of destitute old people, and they act as Good 
Samaritans whenever opportunity offers. 

Cemeteries. — Calvary Catholic, at East Walnut Hills, on the 
Madisonville Pike; has about 12 acres. City, at Lick Run, three 
miles from the city. Colored American, at Avondale. Fulton, at 
Columbia. German Catholic, on the Warsaw Pike, 21st ward; about 
12 acres. German Evangelical Protestant, Baltimore Pike, 24th ward. 
German Protestant, corner of Park Avenue and Chestnut Street, 
Walnut Hills. German Protestant, Reading Pike, three miles and 
a half north-east of the city. Jewish Cemetery, at Clifton. Jndah 
Torah, Reformed Jews, at Lick Run. A'. A". Adath Lsrael, Polish 
Jews, at Lick Run. K. LC Sherith belongs to Jewish congregation 
on Lodge Street, and is situated at Lick Run. Methodist Protestant, 
two miles from the city, on the Avondale Road; about four acres; 
no further interments. Odd Fellows, in Spring-grove Cemetery. St. 



28 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Bernard's Catholic comprises new and old parts on the Carthage 
Road, about three miles from the city. St. Joseph's Catholic com- 
prises new and old parts, — the old about three miles, and the new 
about five miles, from the city. Both are near the Warsaw Pike, in 
the 2 1 st ward, and together include 99 acres. St. Peter's Catholic, at 
Lick Run, on the Harrison Turnpike, three miles north-west of the 
city. No further interments. Spring Grove. See Spring-grove 
Cemetery. Union Baptist (colored), on the Warsaw Turnpike, at 
Gazlay's Corner. Office, 314 West Court. United Jewish Cemetery 
at East Walnut Hills, at the corner Montgomery Pike and Duck- 
creek Road, comprises the "old" and "new" divisions, the new be- 
ing well laid out in 377 family lots, and having room for 300 more ; 
and the old being now reserved for the poor and members of the 
congregations having no lots. The old part was opened in 1849, an d 
the new in i860. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills horse-cars pass 
within a short distance. Wesleyan, at Cumminsville, on the Colerain 
Pike. Office, 190 West Fourth Street. The cemetery belongs to 
the Methodists, and although small is well improved. It was opened 
in 1843, contains 25 acres, and has about 25,000 interments. Many 
pioneer preachers and laymen of the Methodist-Episcopal Church 
are buried here. Horse-cars, — the Avenue line. There are also 
several burying-grounds within the city, most of the bodies from 
which have been removed, but some marked graves remain. The 
old Jewish Cemetery, at the corner of Chestnut Street and Central 
Avenue, is walled in with buildings on Central Avenue, and a high 
brick wall on Chestnut Street ; in the rear of Wesley Chapel, Fifth 
Street, between Broadway and Sycamore, the first burying-ground in 
Cincinnati, are still some old graves ; also on Court Street, between 
Wesley Avenue and Mound Street, — the old Catherine-street bury- 
ing-ground, — a few graves, surrounded by an iron fence, remain. 

Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange was organ- 
ized to facilitate the settlement of disagreements between business- 
men. In 1839 its by-laws were adopted, and the organization per- 
fected. From that time the association has held " a prominent place 
in the regard of business-men, and a place for the discussion of all 
leading questions of mercantile usages, of matters of finance, of laws 
affecting commerce, and, more than all, contributing to the formation 
of an elevated tone in business intercourse. It became, indeed, a 
kind of high court in the adjustment of questions growing out of or 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 29 

affecting commercial transactions, which otherwise would have led 
to expensive and aggravating litigations." The Chamber of Com- 
merce continues to hold its place as a highly respected deliberative 
body, and as a court of arbitration ; but in 1846, by the appointment 
of a superintendent of the Exchange, it greatly enhanced its useful- 
ness. The duty of the superintendent is not only to have charge 
of the rooms, but also to collect information relating to commerce, 
finances, and industries, that may be of general interest and value, 
and to keep a record of mercantile transactions, and prepare tables 
of imports and exports. In 1850 a charter was obtained for the 
association; and in 1866 sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of a law enacted in 
that year by the Legislature of Ohio were adopted, and made part 
of the charter. There are honorary and active members ; the for- 
mer being elected for life, and exempt from assessments or dues, and 
only one being elected each year. In March, 1882, a radical change 
was made from the old corporation, and firm memberships were 
changed to individual memberships. The initiation fee was increased 
from $10 to $250, $500, and $1,000 respectively, at the successive 
periods named for the change ; and members of the Chamber, at the 
time of the change, desiring certificates were permitted to receive 
them on the payment of $100 each. This was eminently successful, 
the revenues of the Chamber having so increased that the sum of 
$392,981 had been accumulated at the close of the quarter ending 
Feb. 28, 1883. The association has bought for $100,000 the site of 
the present post-office, but cannot get possession of it until the new 
post-office is completed. The rooms are in Pike's Building, West 
Fourth Street, and are open every day, Sundays and holidays ex- 
cepted, from 9 a.m. till 6 p.m.; and the "Change" hours are from 
11.30 a.m. till 1 P.M. 

Charities, the, of the city, are too numerous to be described in 
this book. The most important may be found briefly sketched under 
their alphabetical headings ; and they comprise the Cincinnati, the 
Good Samaritan, the St. Mary's, and the Jewish hospitals ; the Ohio 
Medical, the Miami Medical, and the Homoeopathic college dispen- 
saries; the Home of the Friendless, the Widows' Home, the Old 
Men's Home, the Children's Home ; the Boys' Protectory, the Relief 
Union, and the Union Bethel ; the Cincinnati, the German Protestant, 
the Cumminsville, and the Colored orphan-asylums; the Longview 
and the Colored lunatic-asylums ; the City and the County infirmaries; 



30 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

the Women's Christian, the Young Men's Christian, and the Young 
Men's Hebrew associations. Cincinnati is one of the most liberal 
cities in the world in dispensing charities. Her citizens not only pro- 
vide for her own destitute and afflicted, but contribute most gener- 
ously to the relief of the outside suffering, and distribute her charities 
in both the United States and abroad. 

Chester Driving- Park. — On Spring-grove Avenue, and five 
miles from Fountain Square, is one of the best-appointed half-mile 
race-courses in the country. The spring races are devoted to trot- 
ting, and the autumn races to running. The annual premiums offered 
average $30,000. The park is the property of an association, and is 
well sustained by a large number of contributing members. It is' 
easily reached by Spring-grove and Clifton Avenues, the latter pass- 
ing through the delightful suburb of Clifton. The Cincinnati, Ham- 
ilton, and Dayton, the Marietta and Cincinnati, and the Dayton 
Short-line Railroads, pass the gates on either side of the park. Gen- 
eral admission during races, 50 cents ; grand-stand and quarter- 
stretch privileges, $1. The Avenue horse-cars are run to the park. 

Children's Home, 192 West Ninth, provides temporary and per- 
manent homes for neglected and homeless children, and secures 
suitable and permanent homes for them with Christian people in 
the country. It is authorized to receive the legal care and control 
of children properly surrendered to it by parents, guardians, or the 
mayor ; is supported by voluntary subscriptions and contributions; 
and publishes " The Children's Home Record " monthly. The build- 
ing and grounds, which are models of neatness and taste, cost 
$140,000. The average number of inmates is 100. 

Chimes. — The only chimes in the city are on the St. Peter's 
Cathedral, and consist of a set of thirteen bells donated in 1850 by 
Reuben R. Springer. They strike the quarter-hours with four 
strokes for each quarter, and play a tune every third hour. The 
Holy Trinity Church, on Fifth Street, between Smith and Mound, 
has a set of three bells; but they can scarcely be called chimes. 

Christ Church, the oldest Episcopal society in Cincinnati, came 
into existence May 18, 1817, in the parlor of Dr. David Drake, on 
East Third Street. Two wardens and five vestrymen were then 
elected, among whom was William II. Harrison, afterwards president 
of the United States. At first the small congregation of 15 or 20 
met in a room of a cotton-factory in Lodge Alley, close by the Tyler*- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



33 



Davidson Fountain. From there they moved to the corner of Fourth 
and Main Streets, and occupied a frame building belonging to the 
First Presbyterian Church. In 1818 they procured the use of a 
Baptist church on West Sixth Street, which afterwards was bought 
by the society. Christ Church was incorporated May 17, 182 r, under 
the legal title of " The Episcopal Society of Christ Church, Cin- 
cinnati." In 1833 a lot on the north side of Fourth Street, between 
Sycamore aud Broadway, 100 feet front by 133 feet deep, was bought 
at $90 per front foot ; and in June, 1S35, services were held in the 
new edifice, which is the same the society now occupies. This church 
is indissolubly linked with much of the history of the Protestant- 
Episcopal Church in Ohio, and has always been the strongest of the 
strong families in the diocesan confederation. I. N. Stanger is the 
rector. 

Church Region is a name given to the district in the vicinity of 
St. Peter's Cathedral, there being no less than ten churches within a 
radius of one square from the Cathedral. 

Church of our Saviour, Protestant-Episcopal, is a pretty little 
stone church on Evans Street, near Auburn Street, Mount Auburn, 
which cost $12,000, and was first occupied in 1877. The rector is 
Dudley W. Rhodes. The following is a complete list of the churches 
of Cincinnati : — 

BAPTIST. 



Name. 



Organ- 
ized. 



Location. 



Clergyman. 



Took 
Ch'ge. 



First 

First German . . 
Mount-Auburn 
Ninth-street . . 

Third 

Walnut-hills . . 
Columbia . . 
Union (Colored) . 
Avondale (Col'd) . 
Calvary (Colored) , 
First Cumminsvilie 

(Colored) . . . 
First Walnut-hills . 

(Colored) . . . 
Mt.-Zion (Col'd) . 
Shiloh (Colored) . 
Willow-st. (Col'd), 
Zion (Colored). . 



i»54 
[856 
1830 
c8 43 

l8 7 2 



[870 



Court and Wesley Avenue . . 
Walnut, near Liberty . . . . 

Mount Auburn 

S.S. Ninth, bet. Vine and Walnut, 

S.S. Hopkins, nr. Lincoln Park . 

Kemper Lane, Walnut Hills . 

Columbia Avenue . . . , 

Mound, bet. Ninth and Richm'nd, 

Avondale. 

179 West Third Street . . . . 

Cumminsvilie 



Walnut Hills 

152 Cutter Street 

265 Plum Street. 

Walnut Hills 

Ninth, bet. Central Ave. and John, 



S. K. Leavitt 
L. H. Donner 
A. S. Hobart 
S. W. Duncan 
E. P. Roberts 
L. E. Wheeler 
W. E. Stevens 
Jos. Emery . 

Thos. Webb. 



P. F. Fossett. 



A. F. Darnell. 
Wm. Dortch. 

D. Early. 
W. R. Boone. 



1872 
1878 
187.9 
1875 
1879 
1883 
1876 



1870 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 
CONGREGATIONAL. 



Name. 


Organ- 
ized. 


Location. 


Clergyman. 


Took 
Ch'ge. 




1867 

1847 
1872 
1846 
1840 




D. F. Harris . 


1876 
1878 


First Orthodox 
Storrs 

Vine-street . . . 

Welsh .... 


Seventh, near Central Avenue. 
Cor. River and Ml. Hope Roads. 

Vine, near Ninth 

W. S. Lawrence, near Third . .. 


C. H. Daniels. 
David Jones. 



DISCIPLES OF CHRIST. 



Central .... 


1828 


Ninth, near Central Avenue . 


E. T. Williams, 


1881 


Christian . . . 


1871 


Fergus Street, 25th Ward . . . 


J. B. Crane . . 


1882 


Fourth .... 


1842 


313 Eastern Avenue. 






Richmond-street . 


- 


Cutter and Richmond .... 


R.T.Matthews. 




Colored Christian . 


1846 


Harrison, near Broadway . . . 


L.Wells. . . 


1882 



GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT. 



Camp Washington, 


_ 


Camp Washington 


J. A. Voss. 






1865 






1878 


German Evangel'l, 




Clark, near Freeman . . . '. 


Carl Rumpf. 


St. Peter's . . . 


1832 


Main and McMicken Avenue 


H. Pohlmeyer . 


1867 


St. Paul's . . . 


1850 


Race and Fifteenth 


Edward Voss . 


1879 


St. Jacob's . . x . 


- 


Ninth and Baymiller and Free- 








- 








St. John's . . . 


Cor. Bellevue Ave. and Fosdick, 










Mount Auburn 


T. Heckmann. 




St. John's (Prot.), 


- 


Cor. Twelfth and Elm .... 


J. Carl Scholz. 




St. Lucas . . . 


1865 


Third, opposite Parsons . . 


P. G. Gerber . 


1877 


St. Martin's . . 


_ 


River Road, 21st Ward . . . 


Ernst Guntrum. 




St. Martin's (Ger- 










man Protestant), 


_ 


Saffin Street, St. Petersburg . . 


J. A. Voss. 




St. Matthias . . 


1861 


Cor. Elm and Liberty . , . . 


Jacob Pister 


1881 


Third Evangelical 










Protestant . . 




Walnut and Ninth 


Charles Truck. 





GERMAN EVANGELICAL UNION. 



First Ger'n Evan- 
gelical Prot. . . 

German United 
Evang'l (Zion) . 



1854 
1844 



Apple Street, 25th Ward . 
Cor. Bremen and Fifteenth 



Christ. Schenck, 
Ch Spathelf. 



1879 



GERMAN REFORMED. 



First 

German Evangeli- 
cal Ref.( Salem), 

( Serman Evangeli- 
cal Ref. (Hope), 



t8 47 
'857 



Cor. Elm and Fifteenth 
Cor. Sycamore and Orchard 
1847 Eastern Avenue . . 



J. Bachmann . 
H. I. Stern . . 
Anton Seyring. 



1875 
1882 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 

HOLLANDISCHE REFORMED. 



35 



Name. 


Organ- 
ized. 


Location. 


Clergyman. 


Took 
Ch'ge. 


First 


1881 


Hughes, near Schiller. 







JEWISH SYNAGOGUES. 



Children of Israel, 
House of Prayer , 
Brotherly Love 
Children of Jeshu 

rum. . . . 
Orthodox Jewish , 
K.K. Adath Israel, 
Sherilh Israel . . 



1819 ! Eighth and Mound .... 

- I 184 Longworth 

1867 I John and Melancthon. 

1842 Plum and Eighth 

1863 342 Central Avenue .... 

- I Walnut and Seventh .... 
1856 Lodge, bet. Sixth and Seventh 



Raph. Benjamin, 
JudahKaletzky. 



Isaac M. Wise . 
L. Uhlfelder . 
Henry Kuttner. 
Nathan Moses. 



1854 
1866 



LUTHERAN. 



First .... 
German Evang'l 



184: 



Elm, bet. Ninth and Court 
Race, near Liberty . . . 



H.W.McKnight, li 
A. Brochmer. 



METHODIST. 



Wesley Chapel 
Trinity . . 
St.-Paul . . 
McKendree . 
Asbury . 
Christie . . 
Mount-Auburn 
York street . 
St -John's 
Walnut-hills 
Grace . . 
Pearl-street 
McLean . 
Fairmount 
Pendleton 
Columbia 
Mount- Lookout 
Wright Chapel 
Price's- hill . 
Camp- Washington 
City Mission. 
Finley . . . . 



Fifth Street, near Broadway 
Ninth, bet. Race and Elm . 
Cor. Seventh and Smith . 
East Front Street .... 
Webster Street .... 
Court, cor. Wesley Avenue 
Auburn Avenue .... 
Cor. York and Baymiller . 
Cor. Park and Longworth . 
McMillan Street .... 

Avondale 

East Pearl 

Ninth Street, near Freeman 

Fairmount 

Pendleton Street .... 

Columbia 

Mount Lookout .... 
Colerain Turnpike, Cumminsv 

Price's Hill 

Camp Washington . . . 



854 

■45 
•70 
870 

875 

3 7 6 
8 7 3 
042 
33 1 
876 



[8tI Clinton Street 



He 



T. J. Harris . 
J. W. Bushong, 
Isaac W. Joyce, 
J. S. Whitney 
J. W. Gaddis 
H. Tuckley. 
J. A. Story . 

F. G. Mitchell 
J. R. Shannon 
I. H. Bayliss 
J. P. Porter. 
Silas Bennett 
W.P.Thirkield 

G. T. Weaver 
W. N.Williams 
C. L. Conger 
Edw. T. Lane 
C. H. Haines 
T. M. Dart. 
T. M. Dart . 



B. D. Hypes 



GERMAN METHODIST. 



Race-street . , 
Everett-street , 
Buckeye . . , 
Home Mission 



1837 
1846 
1849 
1864 



Race, near Thirteenth 
Everett, near Cutter . 

Spring-grove Avenue 



John Pfetzing 
F. L. Nazler 
L. Allinger . 
J. Krehbiel . 



1883 
1881 
1882 
1880 



36 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 

METHODIST PROTESTANT. 



Name. 


Organ- 
ized. 


Location. 


Clergyman. 


Took 
Ch'ge. 


Grace 


- 


George, near Linn 


C. S. Evans. 




METHODIST (COLORED). 



Allen Temple . . 
Brown's Chapel . 
Methodist Church, 
Mount-Zion . . . 
Union Chapel . . 



Broadway and Sixth .... 

Walnut Hills 

Twenty-first Ward. 
Twenty-fifth Ward .... 
Seventh, near Central Avenue 



J. G. Mitchell. 
M. R. Wilson 



Henry Harris. 
Henry Cardozo. 



1882 



PRESBYTERIAN. 



First 


J 793 


Fourth, near Main . . . . . 


F C. Monfort . 


1881 


Second . 




1816 


Eighth and Elm 


James Eells . . 


1883 


Third . . 




1829 


Seventh, near Baymiller . . . 


J. P.E.Kumler, 


187s 


Fourth . 




_ 


Orchard, near Main 


R. H. Leonard, 


1876 


Fifth 


\ 


1831 




A. B. Morey . 


1871 

1878 


Sixth . . 


^ 


Eastern Avenue 


John Rusk . . 


Seventh . 




- 


Broadway, near Fifth .... 


Jona. Edwards . 


1881 


Mount-Auburn 


1868 


Mount Auburn 


E. D. Ledyard . 


1874 


Walnut-hills . . 


1878 


Gilbert Avenue and Seventh St. . 


G H Fullerton, 


1879 


Avondale . . . 


1867 


Rockdale Avenue, near Main 


G.C. Heckman, 


1879 


Cumminsville . . 


18SS 


Cumminsville 


A.N.Thompson, 


1882 . 


Clifton . . . . 


1882 


Clifton 


H. Billman . . 


1882 


Central .... 


1844 


Mound, near Seventh .... 


W. Blackburn . 


1881 


Poplar-street . . 


i860 


Poplar, near Freeman .... 


Jas. C. White . 


1873 


First German . . 


1856 


Linn, above Findlay 


(Vacant.) 




Second German . 


1867 


Liberty, west of Freeman . . . 


G W Winnes . 


1867 


Welsh . . . . 


~ 


College, bet. Sixth and Seventh . 


M. A Ellis. 





PRESBYTERIAN UNITED. 



First . 
Second 



PRESBYTERIAN REFORMED. 



1829 j Plum, bet Eighth and Ninth . .A. G. Wylie . 
1840 j Clinton, near John . . . , , J M Foster . 



1877 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 



37 



Name. 



Organ- 
ized. 



Christ Church 



Calvary 

Chapel of ihe Nativity . . 
Church of the Advent . . 
Church of the Atonement . 
Church of the Redeemer . 
Church of the Resurrect'n . 
Church of our Saviour . . 
Emanuel 

Epiphany Mission . . . 

Grace 

St. Matthew's Mission . 

St. Luke's 

St. Philip 

St. Paul's 

Trinity Mission . . . . 



1817 

1854 
1879 



1875 



1867 



[828 



Location. 



Fourth, bet. Sycamore 
and Broadway . . . 

Clifton 

Grand Ave., 21st Ward. 

Walnut Hills .... 

Riverside 

Elm, near Findlay. 

Fern Bank 

Mount Auburn . . . 

Eastern Avenue, near 
Woodburn . . . . 

Walnut Hills . . . . 

Avondale 

Mount Lookout. 

Findlay and Baymiller . 

Twenty- fifth Ward . . 

Seventh and Plum . . 

Liberty, near Broadway, 



Clergyman. 



I. N. Stanger 
E. Rowland 
W. B. Melish 
Peter Tinsley 
S. H. Boyer 



Paul Sterling 
D. W. Rhodes 



J. M. Boyd. 
J. D. Stanley 
Alfred F.Blake 

Lewis Brown 
John Ely 
S. Benedict . 
J. M. Boyd . 



Took 
Ch'ge. 



[876 
[878 
[883 
C870 
C882 

[880 
[876 



[880 
[867 



c8 77 
1877 
1882 



ROMAN CATHOLIC 



St.-Peter's 

All-Saints' . . . 
Church of the Atonement 
Church of the Blessed Sac- 
rament ...... 

Church of the Holy Angels, 
Church of the Immaculate . 
Church of the Presentation, 
Church of the Sac'd Heart, 
Holy Trinity (German) 
Mary of Perpetual Help 
Our Lady of Victories 
Passionists' Novitiate 
Sacred Heart of Jesus 
St. Aloysius . . . 
St. Andrew's . . . 
St. Ann's (Colored) . 
St. Anthony's (German) 
St. Augustine (German) 
St. Clement's . . 
St. Bonaventura . . 
St. Boniface . . 

St. Charles Borromeo 



St. Edward . . . 
St. Xavier . . . 
St. Francis de Sales 
St Francis (Ger ) 
St Gabriel . . . 
St. George . . . 



Plum and Eighth . . . 
Third, near Collard . . 
Third, near John . . . 

Twenty-first Ward . . 
Torrence Road . . . 
Mount Adams . . . . 
Walnut Hills . . . . 
Bank and Baymiller . . 
Fifth, near Mound . . 

Sedamsville 

Delhi ....... 

Observatory Hill. 
Camp Washington . . 

Bridgetown 

Avondale 

New, east of Broadway, 
Budd, near Carr . . . 
Bank, near Freeman 
Taylor Creek . . . . 

Fairmount 

Lakeman Street . . . 
Carthage 



Clark, near Mound . 
Sycamore, near Sixth 
Woodburn Avenue . 
Liberty and Vine . . 
Glendale ..... 
Corryville .... 



Wm. J. Halley. 
Wm. Daly . . 
D. V. Crowley, 

F. X. Dutton . 

Michael O'Neill 
George Basel. 
J.J. Kennedy 
Henry Koering 
J. C. Albrinck 

F. X. Wayman 

G. Broering 



Henry Paul . 
M. Muething 
D. O'Mara . 
J. Rumle, S.J. 
August Meyer 
A. H. Walburg 
Amb. Sonning 
A. Lingmann , 
B.G.Topmuellei 
St. Franciscan 

Fathers . 
R. F. Doyle 
Chas. Driscoll 
Chas. Schmidt 
M. Schaefer 
Jas. O'Donnell, 
Paul Alf. 



[860 
[880 
1883 



<8 7 3 
[865 

t8 7 2 

1882 



c8 74 
[876 
.877 
[882 
[881 
1877 



c866 

[881 

1874 
[849 
[879 
[880 
1871 



38 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 
ROMAN CATHOLIC,— Continued. 



Name. 



Organ- 
ized. 



Location. 



Clergy™. L™ 



St. Henry 

St. James 

St. John's (German). . 

St. John's 

St. Joseph (German) 
St. Ludvvig (German) . 
St. Mary's (German) 
St. Patrick's . . . . 
St. Patrick's . . . . 
St. Paul's (German) . . 
St. Vincent de Paul . . 
St. Philomena (German) 
St. Rosa (German) . . 

St. Stanislaus . . . . 

St. Lawrence . . . . 

St. Michael's . . . . 

St. Stephen's . . . . 



1873 
1849 
1845 
i860 
1848 
1870 

1874 
1850 
18 =50 



1870 
1850 
1867 



Flint Street . . . 
Mount Airy . . 
Bremen and Green 
Dry Ridge . . . 
Linn and Laurel . 
Eighth and Walnut 
Llay and Thirteenth 
Twenty-fifth Ward 
Third and Mill . 
Spring and Abigail 
Sedamsville . . . 
Pearl, near Pike . 
Eastern Avenue 
Lumber . . . 
Cutter and Liberty 
Twenty-first Ward 
Twenty-first Ward 
Columbia . . . 



and 



J. Schuchardt 
J. Schoenfeldt 
Otto Jair 
Julius Voit . 
E. Stehle 
Paul Leopold 
B. Roesener 
P. B Mazuret 
J. M. Mackey 
H. Firneding 
Jos. Benning. 
H. Kemper . 

B. H. Englers 
J. Dickhaus 
J. Schoenhoeft 
M. Desalears 
Jos. A. Myers 



UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 



Second Church . . . 
German United Brethren 
United Brethren in Christ 



[864 
■845 



729 Eastern Avenue . 
Clinton and Baymiller 
124 Betts. 



Gottlieb Fritz 
Jacob Ernst . 



1882 



UNIVERSALIST. 



First Church 



1836 



Plum, bet. Fourth and 

Fifth 'W. H. Ryder 



1882 



MISCELLANEOUS 



Unitarian Church . . . 1830 
Union Bethel ..... 
Berean Brethren in Christ . 
Swedenborgian Church of 

New Jerusalem . . . . 1818 



Eighth and Plum. 
31 Public Landing 
195 West Fifth. . 

Fourth and John . 



Thomas Lee. 
J. E. Morris. 



John Goddard . j 1865 



Cincinnati College was established in t 8 1 9 ; and a Lancaster 
school, organized in 181 5, was merged into it. About $40,000 had 
been subscribed for the foundation of a college and the erection of 
a college building ; but, by reason of bank troubles, much of that 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 39 

subscription was never paid. Although part of the building was 
completed, and the college opened, yet in 1826 instruction was sus- 
pended for want of funds. It was re-opened in 1836, and continued 
for two vears, when it was again closed, and remained so until 1841. 
The building was burned in 1845, anc ^ shortly afterwards rebuilt, 
largely by aid of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, 
which, in consideration of its aid, holds a perpetual grant of its 
rooms on the second floor of the building. In 1869, after the build- 
ing was again damaged by lire, it was remodelled into its present 
shape. The college holds a very liberal charter, containing a restric- 
tion only against the teaching of denominational theology. The 
government is vested in a board of trustees elected yearly by the 
shareholders. The capital is $125,000, in shares of $25 each, for 
which certificates were issued ; but, as the stock was of merely nomi- 
nal value, it is now difficult to learn who are the stockholders. The 
value of the property is about $200,000. The income is about $10,000, 
and is used chiefly to support the Cincinnati Law School and its 
library. The building is popularly known as the College Building, 
and is described elsewhere. The president is William Howard Neff, 
and the secretary A. H. McGuffey. 

Cincinnati Gymnasium is one of the largest and best-equipped 
in this country, and for many years there were none to compare with 
it. The main hall is 120 by 45 feet, and 35 feet high. There are 
reading and chess rooms, health-lifts, 17 hot and cold water baths, 
etc. The society, which was organized in 1853, nas T »o°o members, 
each paying Sio a year. The president is M. F. Wilson, and the 
superintendent Ed. W. Murphy. The rooms are at 102 West Fourth 
Street, and are open from six a.m. to ten p.m. daily, except Sundays. 
Visitors admitted. 

Cincinnati Hospital, the, is one of the largest, most convenient, 
attractive, and best-managed hospitals in the country. The building 
and grounds occupy two entire squares, extending from Twelfth to 
Ann Streets, between Plum Street and Central Avenue. There are 
eight buildings, three stories in height, entirely separate from each 
other, yet connected by open passage-ways and through the base- 
ment. The buildings are arranged on each side of the square, leav- 
ing in the centre a large court-yard having an elegant lawn and 
flower-garden with fountain and grotto. The hospital contains 500 
bed-;. It is a city charitable institution, but pay-patients are received 



4° Picturesque Cincinnati. 

in separate rooms. The staff is composed of sixteen physicians and 
seven undergraduate internes. The latter are given these positions 
after a competitive examination. In the large amphitheatre, capable 
of seating 400 persons, daily clinical lectures from September to 
March are given, which all medical students are allowed to attend on 
payment of five dollars per session. There is a fine medical library 
of 4,000 volumes connected with the hospital, open to the medical 
profession free of charge. Strangers and friends of pay-patients 
admitted at any time, and friends of charity-patients on Thursdays. 

Cincinnati Insurance Company of Cincinnati held its semi- 
centennial anniversary in April, 1879, and is to-day the oldest joint- 
stock general fire and marine insurance company organized west of 
the Allegheny Mountains. At the semi-centennial the late Robert 
Buchanan, who had been one of the first directors, was present ; and 
in the office of the company, No. 81 West Third Street, hangs an 
original copy of the Cincinnati " Commercial Daily Advertiser," con- 
taining the official announcement that the requisite amount of stock 
had been subscribed, and therefore the company was ready for busi- 
ness. The Cincinnati Insurance Company has had a remarkable 
career of prosperity. For fifty years its dividends averaged thirteeir 
per cent ; in some years reaching thirty-two per cent. The president, 
Jacob Burnet, jun., has held the office for the past twelve years ; the 
secretary is Charles A. Farnham. 

Carpets. — The John Shillito Company's carpet department occu- 
pies the third floor of building, and is reached by elevator. It covers 
more space, is better arranged and better lighted, than any carpet 
room in America. Visitors will find exhibited all the newest designs 
in floor-coverings of all grades, from the finest Turkish rugs of great 
value, to the low-priced mattings of China. The patterns are the 
latest and most elegant that taste and ingenuity have been able to 
devise, the colorings rich and durable, and the brands the best in the 
market. Buyers should not fail to examine their stock, and compare 
their prices, before making selections. They will find in every in- 
stance a larger variety, better styles, and lower prices, than can be 
found elsewhere. 

Cincinnati University. — See University of Cincinnati. 

Cisterns and Fire-Plugs. — Two hundred and eighty-nine public 
cisterns, each having a capacity of 500 barrels, are scattered through- 
out the city. They offer an advantage of supplying water as fast as 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 41 

the steam fire-engines can use it, and also of providing a supply 
wholly independent of the water-works. There are 753 fire-plugs 
for the engines ; and the water-pressure on some is so great that 
water, without the aid of an engine, can be thrown 150 feet high.* 

Citizens' Insurance Company of Cincinnati was chartered in 
1851, under the name of the Clermont-county Fire, Marine, and Life 
Insurance Company, and was re-organized in 1858 under the present 
name. Its aggregate premium receipts exceed $900,000, out of 
which over $450,000 have been paid for losses. Prior to 1875 tne 
company declared dividends out of its net earnings to the amount 
of $71,731, which was credited on the unpaid capital stock. Since 
1875 tne cas h dividends will average over eleven and two-thirds per 
cent a year. The cash capital is now $100,000, and the gross assets 
$126,734.50. The president is Lewis Glenn, elected in 1875; anc ^ tne 
secretary is John B. Abernethy, elected in 1867. The office is at No. 
79 West Third Street. 

City Building, so called, contains all the offices of the city gov- 
ernment, with the exception of that of the fire-commissioners. It is 
located in the centre of the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, and 
Plum Streets, and Central Avenue. The Council Chamber occupies 
the central portion of the second story. The police-court room is 
on the first floor, at the north end. The north basement is used as 
a station-house, or place of temporary confinement, and the south 
basement as a repair-shop for the fire and water-works department. 
The building is six squares north-west of Fountain Square. 

City-Building Park is a small plat of ground, improved, and 
ornamented with a neat fountain, situated in front of the City 
Building. 

City Infirmary is an institution in which the city's aged and infirm 
paupers are cared for. The buildings, which are extensive and com- 
modious, are on the Infirmary farm, a quarter-section of land belong- 
ing to the city, west of the Carthage Pike, and in the vicinity of 
Carthage, about eight miles from Fountain Square. The Infirmary 
is under control of the board of police-commissioners, and is sepa- 
rate and distinct from the County Infirmary, which is in the same 
neighborhood. The farm is operated by the inmates, and produces 
a portion of the provisions used by them. The inmates also make 
most of their own clothing. The net cost of maintaining the Infirm- 
ary is about 535,000 a year. There are now about 565 inmates. The 



42 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

nearest railroad-station is Hartwell ; which can be reached by the 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and Dayton Short-line roads. 

City Officers. — The names of the city officers now holding office, 
who. were elected by the people at the general city elections, are : 
Mayor, Thomas J. Stephens; city solicitor, James M. Dawson; city 
treasurer, George L. Herancourt ; police-judge, A. R. Von Martels; 
clerk police-court, George E. Richards ; prosecuting attorney police- 
court, John A. Caldwell. All the other city officers are appointees, 
either by the governor of Ohio, the courts, or the mayor. The sev- 
eral boards appoint their own subordinate officers. 

City Physicians. — Of these there are 25, each physician supply- 
ing a district corresponding with the number of the wards. Their 
duty is to visit the sick who are unable to employ a physician or pay 
for medicine. The latter is furnished by a druggist in each ward, 
appointed by the health-department, at contract rates, on the pre- 
scription of the district physicians. The physicians receive for their 
services $20 per month each. The number of indigent sick treated 
will average 8,000 yearly, and the number of visits made yearly will 
aggregate 50,000. The city physicians are also detailed for quaran- 
tine service when necessary, for which they receive extra pay. 

Clearing-House Association, the Cincinnati, organized in 1866, 
to relieve the banks of the necessity of sending messengers from one 
bank to another to collect and pay drafts and checks. Nowadays 
19 banks and bankers send their "messengers" and "settling-clerks" 
at two o'clock r.M. to the third story of the building No. 70 West 
Third Street, and there in a few minutes, without danger of loss, 
transact the whole business that would otherwise require several 
hours and considerable risk. After the clerks hand to the manager 
the amounts due them by other banks, he settles with them by his 
checks on "debit banks," as those are called which have brought in 
a less amount of checks against other banks than were brought in 
against them. The clearings will average about $2,000,000 a day, 
and the balances about $200,000. The initiation-fee is $50, and the 
dues $20 a year. Any deficit for expenses is made by a pro-rata as- 
sessment on the amount of clearings for the year. James Espy is 
president, and Morris M. White vice-president. George P. Bassett, 
the manager, has held the same position ever since the clearing-house 
was organized. 

Clifton, north of Cincinnati and the Burnet-woods Park, a most 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 43 

beautiful suburb, and an almost continuous landscape garden, was 
incorporated as a town in the year 1S49. I* derived its name from 
the Clifton Farm, comprises about 1,200 acres of land beautifully 
diversified with hill and dale, and has a population somewhat exceed- 
ing 1,000 persons. In its precincts there is neither "shop, factory, nor 
saloon. It has over 17 miles of avenues, lined with fine shade-trees, 
2,000 of which were planted in the years 1877 and 1878; and this 
planting is to be continued from year to year. The Town Hall is a 
handsome brick structure, surmounted by a tower with clock. This 
building contains the public offices and the schoolroom. The school, 
though a public one, is known as the Resor Academy, and was estab- 
lished originally through the enterprise of the late William Resor, 
one of the earliest residents of Clifton, and always identified with its 
interests. The main hall of the building is elegantly frescoed in the 
Pompeian style, and hung with choice photographs from works of 
the old masters and the modern painters, the gift of Henry Pro- 
basco. The Ladies of the Sacred Heart have also a school for 
girls in a large stone mansion, with spacious and beautiful grounds, 
purchased at a cost of $160,000. Among the noted residences may 
be mentioned those of George K. Shoenberger, Henry Probasco, R. 
B. Bowler, Richard Smith, E. J. Miller, O. J. Wilson, George W. 
McAlpin, Thomas Sherlock, Isaac Jordan, Theo. Cook, I. B. Resor, 
and Mrs. William Resor. The latter's grounds are probably the best 
known in Clifton, being in a high state of cultivation, and containing 
greenhouses filled with rare tropical plants and a collection of curi- 
ous orchids. The residence of Mr. Probasco is a grand structure of 
blue limestone in the Anglo-Norman style. The interior is in unison 
with the exterior, and is filled with many of the choicest paintings, 
statuary, rare volumes, illuminated manuscripts, and other art and 
literary treasures. The owner is noted for his hospitality, and all 
travellers who visit Clifton find a welcome at his mansion. It is to 
Mr. Probasco that Cincinnati is indebted for the Tyler-Davidson 
Fountain, noticed in its proper place. Numerous handsome cot- 
tages, with attractive grounds, are scattered throughout the town, 
among them those of Mrs. James Bugher and A. W. Whelpley. 
Calvary Episcopal Church is the only edifice for public worship. 
It is a neatly designed stone building, having a memorial tower. 
The outside is covered with ivy, and presents a beautiful picture. 
The interior is well furnished, and handsomely frescoed, and deco- 



44 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

rated with Scripture mottoes. All persons have the privilege of 
quietly driving through the private grounds. The most direct route 
for vehicles is through Vine Street, Clifton Avenue, and Burnet-woods 
Park. Persons wishing to walk through Clifton can reach it by the 
Vine-street or Elm-street line of horse-cars connecting with the Cin- 
cinnati and Clifton Inclined Plane and the horse-cars. Ask for ticket 
to Clifton ; fare, 10 cents. The Dayton Short-line and Marietta and 
Cincinnati Railroads pass the northern boundary of Clifton. 

Climate. — The climate of the city and surrounding country is 
similar to that of other localities of the same latitude and altitude 
in the Mississippi Valley. Meteorological data for the year 1882 are 
given later in this book. The thermometer within the past six years 
has been as high as 103 degrees above (July, 1874), and as low as 10 
degrees below zero (January, 1879). There has been little variation 
in general temperature and rainfall during the last decade. The 
prevailing winds are from the south-west. The north-west wind is 
short-lived, the forerunner of storms in summer, and the cause of 
cold in winter. The east and north-east winds have less moisture and 
more elasticity than similar winds east of the Alleghany Mountains. 

Colerain Pike. — A continuation of Central Avenue. At the 
junction of Central Avenue with Denman Street, the site of the old 
Brighton House, it takes a northerly direction, passing through Camp 
Washington, by the Workhouse and House of Refuge, through Cum- 
minsville and Mount Pleasant, on to Colerain township, from which 
it received its name. Continuing, it passes through Venice and 
Oxford, in Butler County, where it is known as the Cincinnati Pike. 
The road is well macadamized. 

Coliseum, the. — A variety theatre, situated on the west side of 
Vine Street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, in what was 
formerly known as Loewen Garden. The building, which is of 
frame, running back to Bremen Street, is one of the " Over-the- 
Rhine " theatres, where beer and cigars are the chief support of the 
enterprise. Prices of admission range from 10 to 25 cents. Seating 
capacity about 1,000. The Vine-street line of horse-cars passes the 
door. The main entrance is on Vine Street. 

College Building, situated on the east side of Walnut Street, 
between Fourth and Fifth, is owned by the Cincinnati College. It 
contains a public hall known as College Hall, used for lectures and 
public meetings of all kinds; and also the rooms of the Young 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 47 



torical and Philosophical Society, of the School of Design, besides 
offices, stores, and private schools. 

College Hill, one of the most attractive suburbs of Cincinnati, is 
inhabited mostly by business-men of the wealthier class. Farmers' 
College, and also the Sanitarium, are located here. The distance 
from Fountain Square is about eight miles. By private conveyance 
it is reached by the Avenue or Colerain Pike to Cumminsville, thence 
by the College-hill Pike, a beautiful road. A narrow-gauge railroad 
connects College Hill with the Cincinnati, Plamilton, and Dayton 
Railroad at "Winton Place, adjoining Spring-grove Cemetery. Rail- 
,vay passengers can get on the cars at the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Dayton Depot, corner of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, at Ernst Station, 
and at Cumminsville. 

College of Medicine and Surgery, the Cincinnati, on the north 
side of George Street, between John and Smith Streets, is a college 
of the regular school of medicine. Has two sessions a year, winter 
and spring. The winter session begins in October, continuing until 
March ; the spring session opening in March, and closing in May. 
Fees for the course of lectures, $75; matriculation, $5; demonstra- 
tors' and hospital ticket, $10; graduation, $25. R. C. Stockton 
Reed is dean of the faculty. 

College of Music of Cincinnati, the. — The College of Music 
of Cincinnati was incorporated in 1878, with a capital of $50,000. 
Its originators were among the most important men in the city; and 
although its stock, like other corporations, permitted the payment 
of dividends, yet none were ever declared, while the college always 
stood in the position of a public institution, and was conducted, not 
for profit, but upon artistic and eleemosynary grounds. At the 
beginning of the present year a radical change was made in the 
organization of the college, by reason of a liberal endowment from 
Mr. Reuben R. Springer. The college grew, in the course of four 
years, to such proportions that it became necessary to enlarge its 
quarters for the giving of lessons. A large building adjoining and 
connecting with the great Music Hall was built, and presented to the 
college, by Mr. Springer. This gentleman also endowed the college 
with a gift of some $80,000, and all the stockholders released their 
right to all but one share of the stock and their right to dividends. 
This made the college, in a legal sense, an eleemosynary institution, 



^ 






aie edAectaUy iveM AbeAabea fo /wbn>&6/i> 
cfe/j ana .if^teaniveafo wttfA CARPETS , 

FURNITURE, BEDDING, MATTRESSES, 
BED -LINEN, TOWELS, TABLE-LINEN, 

NAPKINS, ana a// me necettaUed /eb me Ziio/ieb 
ana con?A/e?e eaaSAnzent c/ Alst-c/aM t$po£e/d ob 
<3$oa& at me /cwett Alcced aizat vwtA c/ed/iaJcA. 
J&riend worn me name of me note/ ob voat 
woven en me aooadj a dAeeia/tu. 

^jAe PoAn <y At Auto (ocmAany. 
48 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 49 

exempt from taxation, and obliged to devote all its resources to 
musical education. The property of the college is now valued at 
some $150,000, and it unquestionably stands upon a firm financial 
footing. It is the object of the College of Music to educate the 
student upon a well-regulated and scientific plan of instruction. 
This plan includes instrumental and vocal instruction, with that for 
theory and musical composition, and direction of chorus and orches- 
tra. Its scheme of instruction is broader probably than that of any 
other school in the world. It embraces not only vocal studies, but 
special branches, such as the piano, organ, violin, and other orches- 
tral instruments, with the theory of music. There is also the depart- 
ment of languages, which includes Italian, German, and French, a 
school for the opera, dramatic training, and elocution. Besides this 
complete advanced field of technical musical instruction, the College 
of Music gives weekly concerts, and every year produces the Opera 
Festivals, which have been the wonder and delight of the musical 
world. The present board of directors consists of fifteen of the 
representative men of Cincinnati. This board of officers are George 
Ward Xichols, president, who was the originator and organizer of 
the college, and who, from the beginning, has been its presiding 
officer; Gen. A. T. Goshorn, its vice-president; Peter Rudolph Neff, 
treasurer; William McAlpin, secretary. 

College of Pharmacy, the Cincinnati. — South-west corner Fifth 
and John Streets. Organized 1870, and one of the ten recognized 
colleges of pharmacy in the United States. The annual course of 
instruction consists of six lectures a week, from the first Wednesday 
in October to the second Wednesday in March. There is also labor- 
atory instruction three afternoons each week during same period. 
Fees, matriculation, $5; professors' tickets, $30; and graduation, $10. 

Colored Orphan Asylum provides an asylum for the protection, 
care, and education of destitute colored orphan children. The society 
was incorporated in 1845, an ^ occupied an old house on Ninth Street 
for twenty years, until it bought four acres of land in Avondale, back 
of " Boman's," where the asvlum still remains. Besides orphans, 
the society takes care, for a small consideration, of children who can- 
not be kept at home by their parents. When the children become 
sufficiently strong, they are apprenticed to responsible parties until 
they come to their majority. There are at present thirty-one inmates 
of the asylum, but the number at times is. much greater. 



50 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Columbia, a village recently annexed to Cincinnati, and forming 
a part of the First Ward, is the extreme eastern limit of the city, 
and is at the mouth of the Little Miami River. The pioneer settlers 
of Cincinnati made their first settlement there, in 1788. It is easiest 
reached by the Little Miami Railroad, but is connected with the 
Elm-street horse-cars at Sportsman's Hall by a dummy track. Dis- 
tance from the Esplanade, five miles. 

Commerce. — Cincinnati has from an early period occupied an 
important position as one of the great commercial cities of the inte- 
rior. For the year ending Sept. 1, 1881, the approximate value of 
all receipts was $274,651,218, and of all shipments was $271,973,776; 
showing an increase over 1879 m receipts of over $50,000,000, and in 
shipments of over $85,000,000. 

Commercial Insurance Company of Cincinnati is one of the 
oldest and most successful of the local insurance companies. It was 
organized in 1838, with a capital of $100,000. The gross assets are 
$236,583, making the surplus greater than the capital itself. The 
dividends paid will average more than thirteen per cent. The presi- 
dent, J. A. Townley, has been connected with this company for 
nearly twenty-five years, first as secretary, and since 1875 as president; 
succeeding M. L. Harbeson, who resigned his position after a service 
of seventeen years. J. Wilson Johnston has been secretary since 
1875. Office, 67 West Third Street. 

Common Council, the. — The legislative branch of the city gov- 
ernment is composed of a board of aldermen and a board of council- 
men. It is presided over by the president of the board of aldermen, 
and in his absence by the president of the board of councilmen. It 
has no regular time of meeting, but can be convened any time by 
call of three aldermen and five councilmen. The principal work of 
the common council or joint session of the boards is the confirmation 
of appointments made by the mayor, and the approval of official 
bonds of city officers. Its meetings are held in the Council Chamber, 
City Buildings. 

Congregationalists. — Seventh-street Church, founded in 1847, 
Seventh Street between Plum Street and Central Avenue. It was 
formed by thirty-seven persons, who in 1S43 were at their own request 
dismissed from the Second Presbyterian Church, and organized as 
the George-street Presbyterian Church. In 1845 it entered the base- 
ment of its present edifice, and then took the name of the Seventh- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 5 T 

street Presbyterian Church. The corner-stone was laid July 16, 1845, 
by Rev. Lyman Beecher, D.U. ; and the church was dedicated May 
10, 1849, and has ever since been occupied by the same congregation. 
In 1S46 action was first taken on the changing of the church disci- 
pline; and in the following year a re-organization, under the name 
of the First Orthodox Congregational Church, took place; but later 
the name was changed to the Seventh-street Congregational Church. 
For further information, see Churches. 

Consuls of Foreign Countries. — Belgium, P. H. Hartmann, 
53 West Second Street; Denmark, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Sec- 
ond; France, Virgil Gilmore, no West Fourth; German Empire, 
Dr. Ottmar von Mohl (consul for the States of Ohio, Indiana, Ken- 
tucky, and West Virginia; secretary, G. G. Wolfram), 260 Vine; 
Great Britain, R. Knight, 5 West Third ; Italy, Dr. R. W. Saunders, 
north-west corner Fourth and Elm ; Netherlands, P. H. Hartmann, 
53 West Second ; Norway, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second ; 
Sweden, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second ; Switzerland, Jaques 
Ritchie, 65 East Pearl. 

Control, Board of. — The duties of this board are to supervise 
the work of the county commissioners. It is composed of five mem- 
bers elected by the people. They serve without compensation. The 
present members are: Max Mosler, president; Theophilus Wilson, 
Gazzam Gano, George Thompson, Maurice Bauer. 

Corryville. — That portion of the 12th ward from the top of 
Vine-street Hill to the Zoological Gardens, between Mount Auburn 
and Burnet-woods Park. 

Cotton is one of the staple articles for which Cincinnati is rapidly 
becoming a great market. The value of the cotton-crop of the 
United States is nearly 8250,000,000, of which this city receives about 
$12,000,000; and a good portion of the latter sum is expended here 
for merchandise of all kinds. There is no doubt that the receipts 
at this market have very greatly increased since the Southern Rail- 
road was completed. Cincinnati is on the line dividing the North 
and South, and is conveniently situated between the producers and 
the consumers. Moreover, the banks have the capital, and desire to 
encourage this trade ; and the Cincinnati people, realizing its great 
importance, do every thing possible to satisfy both shippers and 
buyers. The aggregate receipts for the year ending Sept. 1, 1881, 
were about 325,371 bales; an increase over the preceding year of 



V 



LIpfiofAfcer^ ^Qepdrtment 1 . 




Furniture CnvEringSj Lam tire quins , 
Curtains; Etc.; 

ARE TO BE FOUND IN LARGE VARIETY, INCLUDING 

Turcomans, Raw Silks, Terries, Cotolines, 

Spun Silks, Satin Damasks, Plain Satins, 

Silk Brocatelles, Silk and Mohair Plushes. 

And all the richest and most elegant novelties in Silk and Silk-and-Wool Draperies. 

Lljsftofx&fery direfonneA, 

In the choicest English and French designs. 

iJumifure anc[ ©raperij ©TrimmincfAj 

INCLUDING 

Fringes, Gimps, Cord, Loops, Borderings, Tassels, Pendants, and Upholstery 
Hardware. 

foaee ©urfainA. 

A large stock of elegant patterns constantly on hand in all qualities and lengths. 

MaferiafA for "feooAe (HoverA. 

Jacquards, Fancy and Plain Linens, Linen Damasks, etc. 

For private dwellings and stores receive our special attention. 

ALL KINDS OF LETTERING DONE, AND ANY COLOR DESIRED CAN 
BE FURNISHED. 



fte ^oftn i)ftiPPifo ©ornpan^. 



52 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 53 

nearly 76,000 bales. The most prominent house in the cotton-trade 
is J. H. Goodhart & Co., established in i860, whose office and large 
warehouse is at Nos. 65 and 67 West Front Street. 

Cotton Exchange, the Cincinnati, was established in 187 1, to 
further the interests of the cotton-trade, to establish uniform rules 
and usages, to adjust controversies between buyers and sellers, and 
to secure co-operation in all measures thought advantageous to the 
cotton-trade. The room occupied is one of the Chamber of Com- 
merce rooms ; all members of the Cotton Exchange being also 
members of the Chamber of Commerce. The dues are $5 a year, 
in addition to the dues of the Chamber of Commerce. The presi- 
dent is C. L. Greene of C. L. Greene & Co. 

Councilmen, Board of. — The lower house of the Common Coun- 
cil holds regular meetings on the first and third Fridays of every 
month in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. It consists of two 
members from each of the twenty-five wards, one being elected by 
the voters of the ward each year at the spring election. L. L. Sadler 
is president, and Charles Winkler vice-president. Following are the 
names of the present members : 1st ward, W. A. Watkins, D. Black- 
more ; 2d ward, James Rowe, Benjamin Eggleston ; 3d ward, William 
B. Housman, Henry Wernke; 4th ward, Charles Jeffries, E. T. Har- 
ley; 5th ward, Robert Callahan, Eugene Reynolds; 6th ward, Daniel 
J. Dalton, J. W. Fitzgerald; 7th ward, John Reeder, F. A. Herr- 
mann ; 8th ward, W. J. Alexander, John Russell ; 9th ward, J, B. 
Menke, jun., George W. Draper ; 10th ward, J. Schrenker, Michael 
Gramp; nth ward, C. F. Lohman, Charles Winkler; 12th ward, 
Dave Billigheimer, I. J. Miller; 13th ward, Emil Ulm, John 
Maegly; 14th ward, W. T. Marshall, A.dam Knorr ; 15th ward, 
Maurice Bauer, H. Knuwener; 16th ward, Peter Fohmer, L. L. 
Sadler; 17th ward, G. Lowenstein, Jos. M. Rice; 18th ward, Ed. 
Hudson, George B. Cox; 19th ward, Jas. E. Broderick, John F. 
Heekin ; 20th ward, Charles Steinan, W. N. Forbis; 2rst ward, 
Frank Friend, George Kaiser; 22d ward, R. C. Rohner,' Phillip De- 
Wold ; 23d ward, Jacob Ungehener, John Weyand ; 24th ward, A. 
B. Engelbrink, F. Pfiester; 25th ward, J. C. Bruckman, Gabriel 
Dirr. 

County Infirmary, the. — On high ground north-east of Carthage. 
The buildings are new and commodious. The paupers of Hamilton 
County, outside the city, are there cared for. It can be reached only 



54 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

by private conveyance from Carthage. It is supported by taxation 
upon the real and personal property in the county, outside of the 
city. 

County Jail, the, on Sycamore Street, between North and South 
Court Streets, east of the Court House, is in charge of the sheriff 
of Hamilton County. It is a massive stone structure. All of the 
inside work, the cells, etc., are made of boiler-iron. 

Court House of Hamilton County is on Main Street, at the 
eastern terminus of Court Street. The structure is 200 feet square, 
and four stories high. Besides the common pleas, district, superior, 
and probate court rooms, it contains the offices of all the county 
officers ; to wit, nine judges, the prosecuting attorney, clerks of the 
courts, auditor, treasurer, sheriff, coroner, commissioners, solicitor, 
board of control, board of equalization, fee-commissioners, recorder, 
and the Law Library containing about 15,000 volumes. Notwith- 
standing all these, the immense building is not all occupied, several 
offices on Main Street and some back rooms remaining empty. 

Courts. — See Law-Courts. 

Covington is on the south bank of the Ohio River, opposite 
Cincinnati, and connected with it by the Suspension Bridge. It is, 
next to Louisville, the largest city in Kentucky, but it is practically 
a suburb of Cincinnati. It comprises 1,350 acres, and has 32,000 in- 
habitants. The principal building is the United-States Court House 
and Post-Office, completed in 1879, at a cost of nearly $300,000. It 
is in the Gothic style, and handsomely built of Indiana limestone 
with Buena Vista sandstone trimmings. In its construction, mate- 
rials from fifteen States, and five kinds of marble, were used. The 
Odd Fellows' Hall is a good building. There are one high, four 
district, and twelve Catholic schools and convents, and also 29 
churches, classified as follows : 4 Baptist, 2 Christian, 1 Episcopal, 

1 German Protestant, 1 German Reformed, 8 Methodist Episcopal, 

2 Presbyterian, and 10 Catholic. The public library has 5,000 vol- 
umes. There are four newspapers. Four lines of horse-cars traverse 
the city; and all stop at Fountain Square, Cincinnati. 

Cumminsville, formerly one of the suburbs, is four miles and a 
half from Fountain Square, but now within the limits of the city, 
and constitutes its 25th ward. Its name comes from one of the 
pioneer settlers, who cultivated the ground on which the village 
stands. The Catholic Orphan Asylum is located here, as well as 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 5 7 

several large distilleries. Three steam-railroads pass through it, — 
the Dayton Short-line, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and Mari- 
etti and Cincinnati. Spring-grove Avenue and the Colerain Pike 
also bisect it. The Avenue line of horse-cars passes through Cum- 
minsville to Spring-grove Cemetery. 

Custom House, the United States, is on the south-west corner 
of Fourth and Vine Streets. The building belongs to the United- 
States Government, and contains the custom-house, post-office, assist- 
ant treasurer's office, and United-States courts. It is built of Buena 
Vista freestone, in the Roman-Corinthian style. It is much too small 
to supply the growing needs of the city; and the government has 
now in course of erection a building into which all the departments 
and courts above mentioned will be removed as soon as it is com- 
pleted. (See Government Building.) 

Cuvier Club, organized in 1874 for the protection of game and 
fish and for social purposes, has a very fine collection of 3,000 pre- 
served specimens of birds and fish. Its rooms, on Longworth Street, 
are commodious, and, besides the large. display-room, include a small 
library and reading-room. There are about 400 members, each pay- 
ing Sio a year. Ladies and children can see the collections every day 
from nine to one o'clock, free. Visitors at other times are to be 
introduced by members. 

Dayton, Ky., a suburb of Newport, opposite that part of Cin- 
cinnati known as Pendleton, is largely inhabited by persons doing 
business in the city. It is regularly laid out, the houses being for 
the most part small and neat. Population about 1,000. Distance 
from Fountain Square by the usually travelled route, three miles. 
It can be reached by horse-car from the Esplanade. 

Deaf Mutes, the School for, is in the Second Intermediate 
School building, on Ninth Street, between Main and Walnut Streets. 
The school was established in 1875, anc ^ was started with 12 pupils. 
At the last session 32 pupils were in attendance, requiring the ser- 
vices of two teachers. The method of instruction is by sign language 
and the manual alphabet. Until recently it was supported wholly by 
the city, but in 1879 tne State made an appropriation toward its 
support. 

Deer Creek, although almost lost to sight by being turned into 
Eggleston-avenue Sewer, is yet a stream, especially after a heavy 
rain. Its source is in the ravines of Mount Auburn, about three 



58 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

miles from its mouth. For the distance of a mile or more, the old 
creek has been transformed into a sewer, and empties into the Ohio 
immediately east of the Little Miami Depot. 

Delhi, a suburb on the river, about nine miles west from Fountain 
Square, is inhabited by persons doing business in the city, and by 
farmers from the surrounding country. There are many elegant 
private residences, churches, schools, and other public buildings. 
Population, about 2,000. The village can be reached by river, the 
Lower-river Road, and the Warsaw Pike. 

Dental College. — See Ohio College of Dental Surgery. 

Depots of Steam-railroads. — There are seven depots, into 
which all inward trains enter. Below is a list of them, the names 
being those by which they are most generally known : Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Dayton depot, corner of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, 
reached by the Third-street and by the Baymiller-street lines of 
horse-cars. Kentucky Central depot, corner of Eighth and Wash- 
ington Streets, Covington, Ky., reached by Covington lines of horse- 
cars. Little Miami depot, corner of Front and Kilgour Streets, 
reached by the Elm-street line of horse-cars. Ohio and Mississippi 
depot, corner of Front and Mill Streets, reached by the Third-street 
line of horse-cars. Plum-street depot, corner of Plum and Pearl 
Streets, reached by Third-street line of horse-cars. Southern Rail- 
road depot, corner McLean Avenue and Gest Street, reached by 
Eighth-street line of horse-cars. Cincinnati Northern, Court above 
Broadway, reached by the Avondale and Walnut-hills horse-cars. 
Grand Central, Central Avenue and Third Street, reached by Third- 
street line of horse-cars. 

The following is the list of railroads entering Cincinnati, and the 
depots into which they enter : Atlantic and Great Western, Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton depot; Cincinnati, Washington, and 
Baltimore, Plum-street ; Bee Line (Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, 
and Indianapolis), Grand Central ; Cincinnati and Eastern (Batavia 
Narrow Gauge), Little Miami ; Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley, 
Little Miami ; Cincinnati and Portsmouth, Little Miami ; Cincinnati 
and Westwood (Narrow Gauge), Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton ; 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Day- 
ton; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Hamilton, 
and Dayton ; Cincinnati, Richmond, and Chicago, Cincinnati, Ham- 
ilton, and Dayton; Cincinnati Southern, Southern Railroad; Cleve- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 61 

land, Mount Vernon, and Columbus, Little Miami; College Hill 
(Narrow Gauge), Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton ; Dayton Short- 
line, Grand Central; Fort Wayne, Muncie, and Cincinnati, Grand 
Central ; Grand Rapids and Indiana, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Day- 
ton; Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Lafayette, Grand Central ; Kentucky 
Central, Kentucky Central ; Little Miami (Pan-handle), Little Miami ; 
Louisville Short-line, Little Miami ; Ohio and Mississippi, Ohio and 
Mississippi ; Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, Little Miami ; White- 
water Valley, Grand Central; Cincinnati Northern, Cincinnati North- 
ern; Georgetown and Portsmouth, Little Miami; Chesapeake and 
Ohio, Kentucky Central. 

Dexter Hall. — See Music-hall and Exposition Building. 

Dinner Sets. — Nothing lends an air of refinement to the family 
dining-room more readily than exquisite table-linens. The John 
Shillito Company now exhibit many new and beautiful designs in 
double satin damask table-cloths, with napkins to match. The pat- 
terns are the most artistic ever woven, and include arabesque, Mo- 
resque, Egyptian, Greek, Alhambra, and many other curious designs. 
All the choicest productions of the most celebrated Irish, Scotch, 
English, French, and German looms are shown by this firm. 

Dispensaries. — See Miami Medical College Dispensary, Ohio 
Medical College Dispensary, Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, Wo- 
men's Dispensary Association, City Physicians, and Ohio College of 
Dental Surgery. 

Distilleries, as well as the breweries, are among the most interest- 
ing objects in Cincinnati. The amount of distilled and rectified liquors 
manufactured in 1881 in this city reached 23,556,093 gallons, valued at 
the almost incomprehensible sum of $28,267,314.60. Engaged in the 
business, there are 85 distilleries and rectifying-houses, with an in- 
vested capital of $4,180,000, giving employment to 900 hands, and 
paying last year a revenue tax of $10,349,065.80. The largest of 
these distilleries, and second largest in the world, is that of James 
W. Gaff & Co., situated in the lower end of the city, between the 
tracks of the Ohio and Mississippi, the Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and 
Lafayette, the Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore, the Dayton 
Short-line, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroads, and 
about 100 feet from the Ohio River. The area of the distillery prop- 
erty, including the stock-pens and adjuncts, is 16 acres; and it has a 
frontage of 500 feet. The distillery has a capacity of 16,000 gallons 



62 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

a day, the pens for 4,000 head of cattle and 10,000 head of hogs ; and 
the four-story bonded warehouse has storage-room for 30,000 barrels. 
When running at the full capacity, the distillery employs nearly 100 
hands. At 876 West Sixth Street is the large rectifying-house, where 
the same firm rectify and compound every grade of liquors. Visitors 
will be admitted, but only upon permits obtained at the office of J. W. 
Gaff & Co., room 22, Pike's Opera House. 

Drives. — The beautiful suburbs and excellent macadamized roads 
which abound both within and without the city limits, east, west, and 
north in Ohio, and southwardly in Kentucky, make it eminently 
delightful for recreation by carriage or horseback. Perhaps the 
finest drive in the city, where only one can be taken, is that which 
leads via Hunt Street, through Avondale, past the Zoological Gar- 
dens, through the Burnet-woods Park and Clifton, to Spring-grove 
Cemetery, returning by Spring-grove Avenue, through Cummins ville, 
to Fountain Square. This drive will occupy about three hours, and 
is replete with magnificent scenery and elegant private residences 
throughout its whole course. To those so inclined, a drive through 
Spring-grove Cemetery, which is reached by the Avenue, is very 
attractive. The drive may be continued on to College Hill, and a 
return made by way of Clifton, Avondale, Walnut Hills, and Mount 
Auburn, returning to the city by Sycamore Street. Another beauti- 
ful drive is by the Harrison Pike, through Fairmount, to Cheviot and 
Westwood. The Price's-hill drive is also delightful. The top of 
the hill is reached by way of Eighth or Gest Streets, thence west to 
Warsaw through a remarkably picturesque region, returning by the 
Lick-Run Pike, through the villages of Lick Run and Fairmount. 
There is a beautiful drive through Eden Park, via Gilbert Avenue. 
Continued, this drive will lead through East Walnut Hills and Wood- 
burn ; and a return can be made through Mount Auburn. The Car- 
thage Pike leads through Mount St. Bernard, past Longview Asylum 
to Carthage ; and a return can be made by Chester Driving Park, 
Spring-grove Cemetery, and Cumminsville, by the Avenue. The 
finest drive in Kentucky is by the Lexington Pike to Latonia Springs, 
five miles south of Covington. These are only a few of the many 
drives, and either will well repay its cost to citizen or stranger. 
Carriage-hire varies in price, the average price being $1.50 per hour 
for a hack carrying four persons; but the stranger would do well to 
make his bargain beforehand, to avoid imposition and trouble. The 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 65 

principal hack-stand is at the Custom House, one square from the 
Esplanade, on Vine Street. The livery-stables charge for buggies 
$4 a day, but on Sundays and holidays $5. 

Druids, a mutual-benefit secret order, paying weekly benefits to 
its sick members. There are about 500 members in the city. Their 
assemblies are called "groves." Their principal hall is at No. 36 
West Court Street, where four of the six Cincinnati groves hold 
their meetings semi-monthly. 

Duhme & Co.'s jewelry establishment is one of the mercantile 
places in the city where anybody can profitably spend hours in see- 
ing elaborate and costly works of art. Bronzes, statuary, gold and 
silver goods, precious stones, and ornaments, displaying the most 
exquisite skill and ingenuity, are here to be seen in an endless 
variety. The firm was established in 1836, and is to-day probably 
the most extensive manufacturers and dealers in their line in the 
West, and surely one of the most trustworthy establishments in the 
United States. Their stores are on the south-west corner of Fourth 
and Walnut Streets. 

East-End Garden, situated on the river-bank, at the eastern 
extremity of Pendleton, near the depot of the Columbia and Mount 
Lookout dummy Railroad, contains about 12 acres of ground, divided 
by gravelled walks into lawns, flower-beds, poplar-groves, and an 
orchard. It has been known by several different names. The pub- 
lic house attached was for many years called Sportsman's Hall, and 
the garden had the same name. Later it was Ohmer's Garden, named 
after its proprietor, who converted it into a miniature zoological gar- 
den. For several years past it has been known as the East-End 
Garden. It was for many years a favorite place for picnics and 
pleasure-parties, for which purposes it is still frequently used. It is 
now known as Woodland Park. 

Eclectic Medical Institute, organized in 1843, an d chartered in 
1845, nas i ts building on the north-west corner of Plum and Court 
Streets. The course of medical instruction is on the eclectic plan. 
Students have the privilege of attending clinics at the Cincinnati 
Hospital on payment of $5. 

Economy in Time. — Our new cash system. Modern business 
transactions have assumed such magnitude that it has become im- 
portant that there be as little waste of time as possible upon each 
detail. Of no business is this more true than of a large wholesale 



66 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

and retail dry-goods house such as ours. The system just adopted 
reduces the time required to procure change, to a minimum, say forty 
seconds, to any part of our large salesrooms, enabling us to wait on 
customers with greater promptness than has been possible heretofore. 

Eden Park, the largest of the city parks, contains 206 acres, all 
improved except 25 acres. In the park are located the large reser- 
voirs of the water-works. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills line of 
horse-cars run through the park, and afford a pleasant ride and a 
number of the finest views of the surrounding country. In the 
Shelter House is a well-appointed restaurant, where the sale of 
intoxicating liquors is prohibited. Eden Park was first .improved in 
1872, and has already cost $450,000. It is situated a mile east of 
Fountain Square, and is reached both by the Gilbert-avenue route of 
horse-cars, and the Mount-Adams and Eden-park Inclined Plane, 
with its connections. Open at all times, free. 

Education, the Board of, has exclusive control of the public 
schools, and is composed of one member from each of the twenty- 
five wards of the city, and twelve members at large. It meets every 
alternate Monday night in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. 
Howard Douglass is president, and Robert G. Stevenson, clerk. 
The office of the board is in the Public Library Building. Following 
are the names of the present members : 1st ward, II. J. Buntin ; 2d 
ward, H. P. Boyden ; 3d ward, James O'Kane ; 4th ward, Daniel 
Finn; 5th ward, Thomas McLaughlin; 6th ward, Jno. F. McCarthy; 
7th ward, John Keck ; 8th ward, David A. Alexander ; 9th ward, F. 
S. Spiegel ; 10th ward, Gustav R. Wahle; nth ward, J. II. Charles 
Smith; 12th ward, George Emig; 13th ward, George Kreh; 14th 
ward, Philip Kiehborth ; 15th ward, John II. Walker; 16th ward, 
John B. Callahan; 17th ward, Louis Kramer; 18th ward, James 
Brown; 19th ward, Anton Weber; 20th ward, W. H. Adams; 21st 
ward, Wooster B. Morrow ; 22d ward, H. M. Merrell ; 23d ward, 
Henry Behrens; 24th ward, Jacob E. Cormany; 25th ward, Charles 
A. Miller. Members at large : Thomas E. Matthews, William S. 
Thornton, Frank Ratterman, A. S. Babbitt, Howard Douglass, Fran- 
cis Ferry, Harry D. Crane, George Twachtman, J. F. McCarthy, 
Joseph Moses, Thomas Lee, W. A. Hopkins. 

Eighth-street Parks are simply two open improved squares, ex- 
tending on Eighth Street from Vine to Elm Streets, and cover a site 
originally intended for a market-place. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 69 

Elections. — Under the laws of Ohio, two general elections are 
held each year : one, the first Monday in April, at which municipal 
officers are chosen; the other, the second Tuesday in October, at 
which the officers of the county, of the State, and of the United 
States, are elected. 

Elm-street Club, the. — Organized by George Moerlein, and 
originally composed of brewers and men connected with brewing 
interests. . Its growing influence in politics attracted many local 
politicians of both parties to the club, and it is now as much a 
political machine as it is a social club. There are about 250 mem- 
bers. The initiation-fee is $5, and the dues $6 a year. The club has 
suitable rooms at 672 Elm Street. 

Embroideries. — We have throughout the Old Testament con- 
stant mention of embroidery. The curtains wrought with needle- 
work, in Exodus, the virtuous woman clothed in tapestry, of the 
Proverbs, and the king's daughter in raiment of needlework, in the 
Psalms, plainly show how much the art was appreciated by the Jews. 
The ancient Greeks highly esteemed it. Minerva, goddess of wis- 
dom, took it under her special patronage. Cut-work came into uni- 
versal use in the sixteenth century, and from this was derived the 
origin of lace. The linen grave-cloths of St. Cuthbert, as described 
by an eye-witness to his disinterment in the twelfth century, were 
ornamented in this manner. Elegant patterns can be procured from 
The John Shillito Company. 

Emery Arcade, one of the largest in the world, extends from 
Vine to Race Streets, between Fourth and Fifth. It is a passage 400 
feet long, protected from the weather by a glass roof. Along the 
sides are shops of all kinds, and the Hotel Emery; and at the Vine- 
street entrance is the Arcade Bookstore. 

Enterprise Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincinnati 
has its office in its own building, 82 West Third Street. The build- 
ing, in the late Xorman-Gothic style, is one of the finest business 
structures in the city, and is four stories in height above the base- 
ment. It contains twenty-two large rooms, many of them being very 
choice offices ; and the upper floors are reached by two staircases 
and an hydraulic passenger-elevator. The Enterprise Insurance 
Company was organized in 1865; and from that time the management 
has been characterized by a degree of liberality and skill that has 
won it friends everywhere. Jan. 1, 1882, the paid-up capital was 



7° Picturesque Cincinnati. 

$200,000; the total assets, $271,301; the liabilities, including the 
reserve for re-insurance, $110,151 ; and the net assets, $161,150, The 
president, John W. Hartwell, has been in the insurance business in 
this city longer than any other person now engaged in it, and has 
been president of this company since 1869. The secretary is James 
W. McCord. 

Equalization, the Boards of, are for hearing complaints, and 
equalizing the valuation of all real and personal property ; but they 
cannot reduce the value of real property below the aggregate value 
as returned by the assessors. There are seven of these boards r 
viz., The Annual County Board, having jurisdiction over the prop- 
erty in each county outside of cities of the first and second class, 
and composed of the county commissioners and county auditor. 
The Animal City Board, having jurisdiction over property of cities 
of the first and second class, and composed of the county auditor and 
six citizens. This board meets at the auditor's office on the fourth 
Monday of May. Annual State Board for Banks, composed of the 
State auditor, treasurer, and attorney-general, who equalize the shares 
of incorporated banks, and meet on the third Tuesday of June. 
Annual State Board for Railroads constituted as above for equaliz- 
ing the valuation of property of railroad companies. Decennial 
County Board, composed of the county auditor, surveyor, and com- 
missioners ; who meet on the Tuesday after the first Monday of 
September, 1880, and every tenth year thereafter. They have power 
to equalize the valuation of property, outside of cities of the first 
and second class, as returned by the district assessors. Decennial 
City Board, composed of the county auditor and six citizens, who 
have the same powers in cities of the first and second class as the 
county board have in their jurisdiction. Decennial State Board meet 
on the first Tuesday of December, 1880, and every tenth year there- 
after, and consist of as many members as compose the State senate. 
They are elected by the electors of each senatorial district, and have 
power to reduce or increase the value of property as returned by the 
county auditors, provided such increase or reduction shall not exceed 
twelve and a half per cent. 

Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, and Fairmount, is in 
the twenty-fourth ward, where the Harrison-avenue Bridge crosses 
Mill Creek. There is a small depot near the bridge. The Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton, and Dayton, the Cincinnati, Washington, and Balti- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 73 

more, the Westwood Narrow-gauge, and the Dayton Short-line roads 
all stop their accommodation-trains at this station. 

Esplanade, the, is situated in the centre of Fountain Square. 
The Tyler-Davidson Fountain springs from the centre of it. The 
Esplanade is a raised structure 28 inches above the crown of the 
street. It is oval in form, extending the entire length of the square, 
400 feet, and is 60 feet in width. The outer rim, and the steps ap- 
proaching it, are made of hewn Quincy granite. The floor is made 
of Buena Vista sandstone, smooth dressed, and laid in diamond and 
circular designs. Within the granite rim, at distances of 20 feet, is a 
row of thrifty young sycamore-trees. Between, the trees, around the 
entire structure, are ornamented bronze gas posts and lamps, which 
are lighted every night. The cost of the Esplanade was $75,000. 
Unless otherwise stated, the distances given in this book are calcu- 
lated from this point. All the horse-cars pass by or close to it. 

Etching Club, formed March, 1879, Dr. Daniel S. Young, presi- 
dent, meets every second Saturday, at four p.m., at the studio of H. 
F. Farney, Room 62, Pike's Opera-House Building. Dues nominal. 
Members use the press in the studio for taking impressions of their 
etched plates. 

Exposition, the Cincinnati Industrial, is an annual exhibition 
of arts, manufactures, agriculture, mining products, and other indus- 
tries, foreign and domestic. These annual expositions are public 
institutions, guaranteed by subscriptions, and are in no sense a pri- 
vate speculation. They are managed by a board of fifteen commis- 
sioners appointed by the Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Trade, 
and the Ohio Mechanics' Institute ; and the officers for 1883 are W. 
W. Peabody, president; Hugh McCollum, vice-president; Benjamin 
E. Hopkins, treasurer ; and W. H. Stewart, secretary. The first six 
expositions of the present series were held in a building erected for 
the National Saengerfest in 1870, on the site of the present Music- 
hall and Exposition Building. The first exposition was held in 1870, 
and followed a successful textile-fabric exhibition held in 1869. The 
textile-fabric exposition was originated and managed by James H. 
Laws, and was the first of its kind in this country. From 1870 to 
1875 inclusive, the expositions were held in the same building; but 
in the latter year the old building was thought unsafe, and conse- 
quently abandoned. At this time Reuben R. Springer came forward 
with his munificent plan for a combined Music-hall and Exposition 



74 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Building. An interval of four years elapsed before the completion 
of the new buildings ; but delay had only increased the enthusiasm 
for their resumption, and the seventh exposition and subsequent ones 
were held in the largest and most beautiful and suitable permanent 
buildings of this kind in the United States. The average attendance 
on the first six expositions was, in round numbers, 500,000 persons. 
The expositions are self-supporting, and are secured by a guaranty 
fund of $100,000 each year. There are eight acres of exhibiting-space 
in the building. Very liberal premiums are offered in all departments 
open to competition. Special excursion-trains make frequent trips on 
the railroads entering the city, carrying passengers at half rates, and 
often at round-trip rates much less. The expositions open as nearly 
as possible on the 10th of September each year, and last one month. 
Admission, 25 cents. Elm-street cars pass the doors, Vine-street and 
John-street cars close by. (See Music Hall.) 

Express Companies, the chief, are : the Adams, 57 West Fourth; 
the American, 118 West Fourth; the Baltimore and Ohio, 59 West 
Fourth; Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore, 59 West Fourth; the 
Ohio and Mississippi, 59 West Fourth; the United-States, 122 West 
Fourth. 

Expressmen's Aid Society, organized in 1874, is a co-operative 
life-assurance association ; H. B. Plant, St. Louis, president. 

Fairmount, formerly a suburban village, but now within the 
corporation, forming a part of the 24th ward, is on the west bank 
of Mill Creek, opposite Ernst Station. The Harrison Pike and 
Lick-run Pike pass through the village. It is surrounded by high 
hills, on the summit of one of which is the old Baptist College, now 
transformed into a German club-house, and called the " Schutzen- 
platz," from which a charming view of the city and surrounding coun- 
try in all directions can be had. The Westwood Narrow-gauge 
Railroad has a terminus here. 

Farmers' College originated in Pleasant-hill Academy, founded, 
and conducted for twelve years, by F. G. Cary, as a private enter- 
prise. It was opened in 1833, with four pupils, in the residence of 
Mr. Cary. It prospered constantly, and during the first twelve years 
almost 1,200 young men were educated there. In the winter of- 
1846-47 the academy was incorporated as the " Farmers' College ; " 
and a substantial building, 120 feet front by 48 feet deep, was erected 
on a tract of four acres on College Hill. Mr. Cary was elected presi- 




Walnut Street, from Esplanade. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 77 

dent. The institution is now divided into two departments, — the col- 
lege department, comprising the following courses : the classical of 
four years, the philosophical of four years, the scientific of three 
years, the ladies' classical of three years, and the teachers' course of 
one year ; and the preparatory department, fitting boys and girls for 
the college department. The college is a Protestant institution, but 
is not at all sectarian. There are two terms, of twenty weeks each, 
beginning Sept. 3. In the year 1881-82 there were in the whole col- 
lege 97 students. Lowe Emerson is president of the college, and 
Miss Abby A. Judson principal of the preparatory department. 

Ferries. — Since the completion of three bridges over the Ohio, 
the ferries have lost most of their former business. The usual fare 
for pedestrians is two cents ; but the ferries make half-hourly trips 
between midnight and daylight, during which time the fare is five 
cents. There are now four lines, as follows : Anderson's Ferry, six 
miles down the river, and used principally by Kentucky farmers 
bringing their produce to market ; Covington Ferry, with its Cincin- 
nati landing at the foot of Central Avenue ; Ludlow Ferry, starting 
from the foot of Fifth Street, and landing at the eastern limit of 
Ludlow, Ky. ; and the A T ewport Ferry, with its landing in this city 
at the foot of Lawrence Street. Skiffs and small craft carrying pas- 
sengers at reasonable rates are available at all places on the river from 
Columbia to Riverside. 

Fertilizer Company, the Cincinnati, has its sheds on the Ohio 
and Mississippi and Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago 
Railroads, six miles west of the city, on the river-bank. By a con- 
tract with the city this company gathers and consumes all the gar- 
bage, offal, and dead animals found within the city limits. These are 
manufactured into a fertilizer, soap-grease, bone-dust, etc., and shipped 
to the South, East, and to Europe. The enterprise is quite profitable, 
both to the city and the Fertilizer Company. 

Fire-Department, the, of Cincinnati, is acknowledged to be 
one of the best equipped and most efficient in the world. It was the 
first paid steam fire-department in this country, and was organized 
in 1853. It consists of 18 steam-engines, 1 hand-engine, 1 chemical- 
engine, 5 hook-and-ladder companies, all in use, beside 2 steam- 
engines in reserve, 40 hose-reels, 34,250 feet of hose, 95 horses, and 
a total of 154 men. During the year 1882 there were 435 alarms, 
with losses aggregating only $734,074, and insurance of $449,392. It 



yS Picturesque Cincinnati. 

is managed by a board of five commissioners, appointed by the 
mayor, and confirmed by the Common Council. The fire-marshal is 
Joseph Bunker, who has been connected with the fire-department 
since 1854. The headquarters are on the south side of Sixth, between 
Vine and Race Streets. (See Cisterns.) 

Firemen's Insurance Company of Cincinnati, incorporated in 
1832, has always maintained a. leading position among the local 
insurance companies. The corporation was formed by a subscription 
of stock by the fire-engine companies of the city. The first president 
of the company was George W. Neff, who managed its affairs until 
his death in 1850. He was succeeded by Josiah Lawrence, at whose 
death in 1852 Henry E. Spencer, who had been mayor of the city four 
consecutive terms, from 1843 to 1851, was elected, and continued presi- 
dent until his death, a period of over 27 years. George McLaughlin 
is now president, having succeeded Mr. Spencer after many years 
service as secretary. Its dividends in the last 25 years have averaged 
18 per cent per annum ; and in one year (1863) tne casn dividends 
paid the stockholders amounted to 41 per cent. 

First Congregational (Unitarian) Church was incorporated in 
1830. The society has been administered to, and has had its pulpit 
occupied at various times, by many distinguished persons, among 
whom were Revs. John Pierpont, William H. Channing (during 
whose stay the congregation was spoken of as " the Church of the 
Christian Brethren "), James H. Perkins, Horace Mann, James Free- 
man Clarke, Henry W. Bellows, Theodore Parker, Ralph Waldo 
Emerson, Abiel A. Livermore, Moncure D. Conway, C. G. Ames, 
John Weiss, Samuel Longfellow, Robert Collyer, Thomas Vickers^ 
and C. II. Wendte. The society prospered harmoniously until 1859, 
when the preaching of Mr. Conway created a decided opposition to 
him. The opponents formed "the Church of the Redeemer," and 
bought the Universalist Church, corner of Mound and Sixth Streets. 
The First Society worshipped in various places until, in Mr. Vickers's 
ministration, the church was built on the north-east corner Plum and 
Eighth Streets. In 1875 a re-union of the two congregations took 
place under the pastor, C. H. Wendte; and since then the building 
has been modernized and the membership increased. 

First Presbyterian Church. — The history of this church runs 
parallel with that of the city, or rather is inseparably interwoven with 
it. The three pioneer settlers of this vicinity were all members of 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 81 

the Presbyterian Church, and, in laying out the plan of their future 
city, did not forget its claims. They set aside for its use a plat of 
ground occupying the south half of the square bounded by Main and 
Walnut and Fourth and Fifth Streets, on part of which the present 
church is built. Until 1793 tne congregation worshipped on this 
ground, " with no dome but the canopy of heaven, no aisles but the 
majestic trees of the ancient forest, and no carpet but the green- 
sward." In this year, through the exertions of James Kemper, their 
first regular minister, a meeting-house was erected, "a substantial 
frame building, about 40 feet by 30, enclosed with clapboards, but 
neither lathed, plastered, nor ceiled. In that humble edifice the 
pioneers and their families assembled for public worship, and dur- 
ing the continuance of the war they always attended with loaded 
rifles by their side." About a quarter of a century after, this struc- 
ture was removed, and a brick church built in its place ; and this in 
turn was replaced in 1851 by the beautiful edifice that now stands on 
the old site. It is said to have the highest steeple in the country ; 
viz., 285 feet. Very little of the spacious grounds it once owned has 
been retained by the church ; and little by little the land, including 
the burial-ground, has been sold, until now the church is surrounded 
by business blocks. The membership is between 200 and 250; F. 
C. Monfort is pastor. 

Flower-Mission. — Formed by ladies of the city and suburbs to 
supply the sick poor with flowers, sent, chiefly by ladies residing 
outside the city proper, to the Young Men's Christian Association 
Building, where they are arranged, and afterwards distributed to the 
patients in the hospitals, by ladies who meet weekly for this purpose. 
This is one of the most unostentatious yet useful of the many local 
charities. 

Foresters, Independent Order of, is an organization having 
weekly sick-benefits and an insurance feature; $1,000 being paid to 
the family of a deceased member, and $5 per week during sickness. 
The lodges are called " courts," of which Cincinnati has seven; each 
having an average of 50 members. Annual dues, $3 ; each death 
assessment, Si. 

Fort Washington, a block-house and large enclosure of pickets, 
was erected about 1790 for the early settlers of Losanteville (now 
Cincinnati), and dignified by the name of Fort Washington. It was 
intended for a protection against the savages, and was large enough 



82 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

to contain the entire population, with provisions to stand a siege. 
It was directly opposite the mouth of the Licking River, on high 
ground, the village then lying on the plateau toward the river. The 
fort stood, according to the testimony of the oldest inhabitants, on 
Third Street, between Broadway and Ludlow Street, extending south- 
ward almost to Columbia or Second Street. After standing a few 
years it was dismantled, and the site soon afterward covered with build- 
ings, the ground having been subdivided by the government, and sold. 

Fountains. — See Tyler-Davidson Fountain. 

Fountain Square. — The square between Walnut and Vine, on 
Fifth Street, the site of the old Fifth-street Market-house, and the 
present site of the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson Fountain. The 
street in this square, and the one adjoining it on the east, which is 
occupied by the government buildings now in course of erection, is 
sixty feet wider than the remainder of Fifth Street, having been 
designed for, and for fifty years or more occupied by, a market-house, 
which was in the middle of the street. Both sides of the square 
are lined with handsome business-houses. Every line of horse-cars 
passes by or within one block of this square. Its location in the 
heart of the business portion of the city, and its general accessibility, 
have led the publisher to adopt it as the point from which most of 
the distances mentioned in this work are computed. 

Friends. — There are two churches, one known as the Hicksite 
Congregation, Fifth, between Central Avenue and John; and the 
other as the Orthodox Congregation, Eighth and Mound. 

Fry's Carving-School is over William Wiswell's art-store, No. 
70 West Fourth Street. It is conducted by Henry L. Fry, assisted 
by his son William H. Fry, and granddaughter Laura Ann Fry. 
Some of the most exquisite wood-carving ever executed in this coun- 
try is that by the parties just named. The three generations are 
masters in their line .of work; and the last generation promises best 
of all, for Miss Fry has already shown extraordinary skill and taste 
in wood-carving, drawing, and modelling. The Frys did a large 
part of the elaborate carving in Henry Probasco's residence in Clif- 
ton, and of the casement of the great organ in Music Hall. Instruc- 
tion is given daily from ten a.m. to four p.m.; terms, $10 per month 
for lessons two days each week. Art-furniture of all kinds is also 
made to order, and many specimens of the handiwork of this family 
are to be found in various parts of the United States. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 83 

Fulton. — That portion of the city on the river-front lying south- 
east of Eden Park at the foot of the hills, commencing at the Little 
Miami Railroad depot, and extending north-east to Pendleton. It 
comprises a portion of the 4th ward. The Elm-street horse-cars and 
the Little Miami Railroad traverse the district. Fulton is built on 
both sides of East Front Street, which, after crossing Washington 
Street, is known as Eastern Avenue. 

Furniture Exchange. — Established in the interest of manufac- 
turers of furniture throughout the United States, and of persons 
engaged in kindred branches of industry. It occupies room No. 16, 
Johnston Building. 

Garden of Eden. — This was the name of a portion of the 
ground now occupied by Eden Park when it was the property of 
the late Nicholas Longworth, and it is still so called by many old 
residents. Much of the ground was formerly used as a vineyard, 
and a large proportion of the grapes used in the wine manufactured 
by Mr. Longworth was cultivated on its sunny hillsides. 

Gas. — The Cincinnati Gas-light and Coke Company is the name 
of a joint-stock corporation having a monoply in supplying the city 
with illuminating gas. It was established in 1841, and, by contract 
with the city, was granted the exclusive right to lay gas-mains in the 
streets for a period of twenty-five years. At the expiration of that 
period the city had the privilege of buying the works at a fair valu- 
ation, but preferred to extend the original privileges to the company 
for ten years, the price of gas to consumers being largely reduced by 
the terms of the extension. Gas is now furnished to citizens at $1.60 
per thousand cubic feet. It is made of the best quality of second- 
pool Youghiogheny, or Pittsburg bituminous coal, and is of seventeen- 
candle power. The office of the company is in an elegant five-story 
freestone building, south-west corner of Fourth and Plum Streets. 
The works are on the river-front, between Smith and Mill Streets. 
Two hundred miles of street-mains are in use ; the longest main 
extending eight miles to Carthage, from which a branch reservoir is 
supplied to light that village. The streets of the city are lighted by 
6,000 street-lamps, under control of the company. The amount of 
gas manufactured yearly is 500,000,000 cubic feet. Of this, thirteen 
and a half per cent is lost by leakage and other waste. The invested 
capital of the company is $4,250,000. Value of the works and appur- 
tenances estimated at $6,000,000. Gen.. Andrew Hickenlooper is 
president. 



84 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

German Protestant Orphan Asylum has its building in Mount 
Auburn, on Highland Avenue, opposite the Widows' Home. It 
was established in 1849, arj d ^ s under control of a board of trustees 
chosen from the various German Protestant denominations, and is 
supported chiefly by an endowment-fund, contributions, and by sub- 
scriptions from nearly 1,000 members. The building is a red brick 
of three stories and a basement, and is quite commodious. The 
grounds contain seven acres, well cultivated. Separate from the 
main building, there is also a large dining-hall used every spring and 
autumn for a festival which is sometimes attended by 20,000 people, 
each of whom is expected to donate something. The receipts at 
one of these festivals have amounted to $10,000. The provisions 
used at the festivals are donated and prepared by ladies. Children 
having one parent living are admitted if the father is or was a mem- 
ber in good standing. The average number of inmates is about 100. 
At a proper age, children are placed in families, or to learn a trade ; 
and a boy or a girl at eighteen years of age receives $100. There are 
branches of the society in Covington and Newport. 

Germania Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincin- 
nati was organized in 1864. I ts casn capital is $100,000, and assets 
$150,676. Up to 1879 it na d paid cash dividends of $108,000, being 
an average of twelve per cent a year. The president is Peter A. 
White; the secretary is D. B. Meyer, who has been assistant secre- 
tary or secretary since its organization ; and the assistant secretary is 
Charles A. Farnham. Office, 27 West Third Street. The Germania 
is one of the few local companies doing an agency business, and has 
now about thirty agencies in Ohio and Michigan. 

Gibson House, on the north-west corner of Fourth and Walnut 
Streets, for many years has been, and is to-day, one of the most 
popular of the hotels in Cincinnati. In size it is the largest in the 
city, and for cleanliness in every department it cannot be surpassed 
by any in this country. The hotel has 300 well-furnished rooms, and 
has accommodated 880 persons at one time. In 1873 tn e whole 
exterior and interior were remodelled ; and now the Gibson House 
is one of the most imposing blocks in Cincinnati. In 1879 the hotel 
was re-frescoed and refitted, and is now in excellent condition through- 
out. It is probably the most conveniently situated of the large hotels, 
and all lines of horse-cars pass either by or close to the house. The 
terms are $2.50 and $3' a day, the hotel being kept on the American 
plan. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 85 

Globe Insurance Company of Cincinnati was organized, under 
the general insurance laws of Ohio, in 1865. The cash capital paid 
in was 552,700. Up to July 1, 1879, tne Globe had paid $297,138 for 
fire-losses ; 8194,572 for cargo-losses ; $77,683 for hull-losses ; and 
$2,778 for flatboat-cargo losses ; making a total payment of $572,171 
for losses. The balance of its capital stock of $100,000 and its 
surplus of $26,944 have been earned by the company ; and, in addi- 
tion to this, $159,000, free of taxes, had been paid to the stockholders 
for dividends ; making the total earnings amount to $214,844. S. F. 
Covington, the president, has been connected with the Globe since 
its organization, and was its first secretary. The present secretary is 
B. F. Clemons. Solomon Levi and Samuel J. Hale have been direct- 
ors of the company from the beginning. The Globe bought its 
office building, No. 68 West Third Street, in 1865. 

Good Fellows, Ancient Order of. — There are fifteen lodges of 
this order within the limits of Cincinnati and suburbs ; the member- 
ship being mostly composed of Germans, or citizens of German 
descent. The lodges will average about seventy members each. Sick 
members receive benefits of $5 per week. 

Good Samaritan Hospital is a noble charity. The building is 
delightfully situated on the south-east corner of Sixth and Lock 
Streets, on the Mount-Adams slope. It was built by the United- 
States Government for a marine hospital, but was never used for 
that purpose. During the late war it was a soldiers' hospital ; and 
after the close of the war the property, which is said to have cost the 
government about $500,000, was bought by Lewis Worthington and 
Joseph C. Butler for $75,000, and given to the Sisters of Charity, one 
branch of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul. There are accommo- 
dations for 175 resident patients. Diseases of all kinds are treated. 
The donors stipulated that one-half of the beds should be open to 
the poor if calls were made for them ; and now from 300 to 500 
charity patients are cared for each year in the hospital. Sister 
Anthony, who has lived in Cincinnati for forty-three years, and has 
been connected with the hospital for twenty-two consecutive years, 
says that she feels compelled to receive any one who comes there, — 
a resident or stranger, with or without money, and of any religious 
belief. A number of parties have given $3,000 or more, with which 
sum a " free bed " is founded. It is hoped ultimately to make the 
hospital free ; but at the present time there are various charges for 



86 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

the different kinds of accommodations afforded. There is a free 
dispensary connected with the hospital. Visitors are admitted at 
any hour of the day. Horse-cars, Baymiller-street line. 

Government Building, the United-States, now in course of 
erection on the north side of Fifth Street, between Main and Walnut, 
will contain the post-office with its auxiliary departments, the custom- 
house, the United-States courts, the assistant treasurer's office, and 
other government offices. It is a massive structure in the Renais- 
sance style, of five superimposed orders, and built of granite from 
Maine and Missouri. Its dimensions are 354 feet by 164 feet, four 
stories and mansard roof above the sidewalk, and basement and 
sub-basement below. The ground cost $700,000, and the structure 
will cost over $5,000,000. The superintendent of the construction is 
S. Hannaford. 

Government of the City is vested in the mayor, common coun- 
cil, board of public works, board of sinking-fund commissioners, 
board of fire-commissioners, board of education, and police-court. 
All other departments are subordinate to these, and these to each 
other. The mayor, comptroller, city solicitor, city treasurer, and city 
infirmary directors, members of common council, members of board 
of public works, members of board of education, police-court judge 
and clerk are elected by the people. The other officers are appointed 
as follows : The sinking-fund commissioners, by the courts ; the fire- 
commissioners, superintendent of police, and rank and file of police, 
by the mayor ; the city engineer and subordinates, the superintendent 
of water-works and subordinates, and superintendent of street clean- 
ing and repairs, by the board of public works ; the members of board 
of health, wharfmaster and register, city weigher, and city clerk, by 
the common council. The city-infirmary directors have charge of 
and appoint overseers of poor ; the board of health appoints district 
physicians, sanitary police, and market-masters. The board of *edu- 
cation has entire charge of the public schools and the Public Library. 
The fire-commissioners have exclusive control of the fire-department, 
and appoint the officers and members thereof. The police-court has 
final jurisdiction of all offences against the laws and ordinances, the 
punishment for which is not confinement in the penitentiary. In the 
latter cases it is merely an examining court. The Cincinnati Hospi- 
tal is managed by a board of seven trustees, appointed by the courts, 
of which board the mayor is ex officio a. member. The House of 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 89 

Refuge is managed in the same manner. The workhouse is in 
charge of a board of five directors, one of whom is appointed each 
year by the mayor, and confirmed by the common council, to serve 
five years. The University board consists of eighteen members, who 
serve six years, three being elected each year. The common council 
is simply a legislative body, and appoints none but its own officers. 

Grand Hotel, the Cincinnati, is one of the finest hotels in this 
country, and one of the grandest buildings in this city. It was built 
by a joint-stock company, whose prime object was to provide Cincin- 
nati with a hotel strictly first-class in every respect. The building, 
six stories above the sidewalk, is of . Ohio freestone, and contains 
300 guest-rooms. It fronts 175 feet on Fourth Street, and 200 feet 
on Central Avenue ; but a part extends through to Third Street, a 
distance of 400 feet. The rotundas and corridors are among the 
grandest in this country : the main rotunda, 100 feet square, is prob- 
ably the largest in any hotel in the world. Throughout the building 
the furniture and appointments are of the choicest and most expen- 
sive kind. Every requisite of a first-class modern hotel is found at 
the Grand. The whole property is valued at $1,000,000. The hotel 
was opened in 1874, and has ever since been conducted by the lessees 
and proprietors, Gilmour & Sons, who had previously been the pro- 
prietors of the Eutaw and St. Clair Hotels at Baltimore. The Grand 
is conveniently situated, and is on the American plan; the terms 
being $3 and $4 a day. 

Grand Opera-House, north-west corner of Longworth and Vine 
Streets, main entrance on Vine, gallery entrance on Longworth 
Street. The auditorium is on the ground-floor; seating capacity, 
2,300. There are six proscenium boxes, a gallery, balcony, dress- 
circle, and parquette. The means of egress are the most perfect of 
any theatre in the city : besides the regular modes of exit, there are 
six large windows on each side of the auditorium, reaching down to 
the floor, which can easily be pushed open outward, on the one side 
into Longworth Street, and on the other into an alley between the 
theatre and the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. The Opera-House is 
devoted to opera and the drama, Robert E. J. Miles being the lessee 
and manager. Only first-class performances are given. The regular 
dramatic season begins in September, and closes in April. Admis- 
sion to dress-circle, 75 cents; parquette, $1.00; balcony, 50 cents; 
gallery, 25 cents; reserved seats, 25 cents extra. The Opera-House 
is half a minute's walk from Fountain Square. 



90 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Greenwood Hall, in the third story of the Ohio Mechanics' In- 
stitute building, south-west corner of Sixth and Vine Streets, and 
named in honor of Miles Greenwood, who superintended the con- 
struction of the building, and was for several years president of the 
Institute, is a commodious hall, with side-room conveniences, and is 
largely used for balls, concerts, and travelling entertainments. 

Grocers' Exchange is an association of wholesale grocers, who 
meet at the call of the president to discuss matters of interest to the 
trade. Its monthly meetings are held in the rooms of the Board of 
Trade and Transportation. Dues, $25 a year. Bradford Shinkle is 
president. 

Gymnasiums. — See Cincinnati Gymnasium, and see Turnverein. 

Hacks. — Stands : No. 1, on the west side of Broadway, between 
Front and Second Streets ; No. 2, on the south side of Fifth, be- 
tween Main and Sycamore ; No. 3, on the east side of Walnut, 
between Gano and Seventh ; No. 4, in the centre of Fifth, between 
Main and Walnut ; No. 5, on the west side of Vine, between Fourth 
and Baker ; No. 6, on the west side of Vine, between Third and 
Pearl, southwardly from Pearl 100 feet; No. 7, on the south side of 
Sixth Street, between Plum and Elm Streets. Ordinances: Section 
7. — Driver to exhibit Card. — The driver shall hand to each adult pas- 
senger in his coach, before a bargain for his services is made, a card 
whereon shall be printed in a clear, legible manner, the number of 
his coach, the name of the owner and driver, and the rates of fare. 
Sect. 8. — Rates of Fare. — The rates of fare for carrying a single 
passenger shall not exceed the following rates : where no bargain is 
made, it shall not be more than 50 cents; in all cases, children over 
ten years of age half-price ; under that age, free. Each passenger 
may have a trunk conveyed without additional charge, but must pay 
for every additional trunk 25 cents, and for all other articles occupy- 
ing a seat, weighing over thirty pounds, 25 cents each. 

Halls, Public. — Scattered throughout the city, there are more 
than a hundred public halls used for general purposes. Among the 
most important are Greenwood Hall, Sixth and Vine; Melodeon Hall, 
Fourth and Walnut ; College Hall, Walnut, between Fourth and Fifth ; 
Apollo Hall, Sixth and Walnut; Eureka Hall, Ninth and Walnut; 
Geyer's Assembly Rooms, Court Street, between Main and Walnut; 
Mozart Hall, Vine and Longworth ; Women's Christian Temperance 
Union Hall, 115 West Sixth; Young Men's Christian Association 
Hall, Sixth and Elm. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 91 

Hamilton County, of which Cincinnati is the county-seat, exclu- 
sive of the town-lots, contains. 213,000 acres. It has fifteen town- 
ships ; viz., Anderson, Cincinnati, Colerain, Columbia, Crosby, Delhi, 
Green, Harrison, Miami, Millcreek, Spencer, Springfield, Sycamore, 
Symmes, Whitewater. The villages in the county are Camp Denni- 
son, Montgomery, Loveland, Reading, Sharon, Runyan, Evendale, 
Lockland, Carthage, Wyoming, Scott, Harrison, Cleves, North Bend, 
Warsaw, Delhi, Cheviot, Avondale, Clifton, Ludlow Grove, Oak- 
land, Winton Place, College Hill, Sharpsburg, St. Bernard, Linwood, 
Madisonville, Pleasant Ridge, Crance, Plainville, Mount Carmel, 
Newtown, California, Mount Washington, Riverside, Mount Airy, 
Hartwell, Glendale, Home City. Hamilton County is in the south- 
west corner of Ohio, between the Great and Little Miami Rivers. 
In round numbers there are over 50,000 voters in the county, showing 
a population of over 350,000. 

Harrison Pike connects with Harrison Avenue at the bridge over 
Mill Creek, at Ernst Station. It passes north through Fairmount, 
winding around one of the high hills in gaining the summit, and then 
takes a westerly course, passing through a lovely country, where 
almost every sunny slope is a vineyard, to Cheviot, and thence west 
to the village of Harrison, from which the pike takes its name. The 
road is well macadamized, and furnishes one of the many delightful 
drives out of the city. 

Hartwell is an incorporated village, about ten miles north of 
Fountain Square. It is named after John W. Hartwell, who was 
vice-president of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad at 
the time the station was located. It is a neat village, with a popula- 
tion of about four hundred, having a Methodist church and a graded 
school, and is the home chiefly of Cincinnati business-men. The 
Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis, and the Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroads have depots in the village. 

Harvard is a word familiarly used to signify Harvard College or 
Harvard University. Although the University is situated in Cam- 
bridge, Mass., about a thousand miles from Cincinnati, still, as there 
are many of its graduates and undergraduates here, the name Harvard 
has become quite familiar. The college has for several years held 
examinations for admission simultaneously at Cambridge and Cin- 
cinnati, so that persons not desiring to go East can try the examina- 
tions in this city. The alumni have formed a club, known as the 



92 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Harvard Club, with the purpose of retaining the community of feel- 
ing shared while in college, and of working unitedly whenever any 
interest of the college is to be advanced. There are about a hun- 
dred graduates of the university in this city, and they hold many 
important professional and business positions ; about a third being 
lawyers, and a fourth being physicians. The club gives an annual 
dinner. 

Health of Cincinnati, the, judged by the death-rate in propor- 
tion to population, as compared with other large cities where accurate 
records are kept, is a theme for congratulation. Estimating the 
population of the city at 280,000, — the basis on which such calcula- 
tions have been made for a number of years past, — the mortality of 
1878 was in the proportion of 17.23 per thousand, or one in every 
58.05 inhabitants. This places Cincinnati in the foremost rank of 
the healthful populous centres of the United States. 

Hebrew Relief Association elects annually a board of directors, 
who meet every Sunday morning at the south-west corner of Fifth 
Street and Central Avenue to give weekly pensions to the poor, 
especially widows and people unfit for work, and also to aid tran- 
sient poor from other cities. About $9,000 a year are donated for 
these purposes. The association is composed of Israelites, and Joe 
Zeiler is president. 

Hebrew Union College. — Founded in 1875 by the union of 
American Hebrew congregations, governed by a board of governors; 
B. Bettmann of Cincinnati being its presiding officer. It has two de- 
partments, — 1, preparatory; 2, collegiate, — each of four years. Stu- 
dents in the preparatory must simultaneously attend the classical 
course of the high school, and those in the collegiate department 
must attend the academical course at the University of Cincinnati, if 
they enter for the degree of rabbi. The subjects taught are the 
Jewish literature, theology, and history, Semitic philology, preparing 
for the Jewish pulpit, and professorships in Semitic philology. The 
semesters open annually the first Monday in September and Febru- 
ary. Tuition free, books free, no religious or other test. The first 
collegiate class opened Sept. 1, 1879, the other classes to be added 
year after year: the preparatory is complete. In the year 1878-79 
there were twenty-three regular students and twelve extra hearers. 
The sessions for regular students are held daily at four p.m.; for 
students in Semitic languages, daily at five P.M. The college is on 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 93 

Sixth Street, -west of Cutter. A number of students receive stipends 
from Si 50 to S400 a year, provided by the collections of Hebrew 
ladies' societies throughout the country. The president is M. Loth. 

Heuck's Opera-House. — On the north-west corner of Vine and 
Thirteenth Streets, the best of the " Over-the-Rhine " amusements, 
under the management of its proprietor, after whom the building is 
named. A dramatic company is kept, and the performances are 
principally of the comedy and variety order. The seating capacity 
of the auditorium, which contains a parquette, dress-circle, and gal- 
lery, is 1,500. There are entrances on Thirteenth Street, and through 
the beer-saloon on Vine Street. Beer, wine, liquors, and cigars are 
allowed ; and each chair is fitted with a little bracket on which to 
rest the glasses. Admission ranges from 15 to 50 cents. The Vine- 
street cars pass the door. 

Hibernia Hall. — South-east corner of Ninth and Plum Streets, 
second story. The A. O. U. W. Hall is on the floor above. It is 
the meeting-place of the various Irish societies, notably the Ancient 
Order of Hibernians and the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. It is 
also rented for balls, assemblies, lectures, and political meetings. 

Hibernians, Ancient Order of. — A mutual-benefit secret order of 
Irishmen, governed by a central division, to which subordinate divis- 
ions send delegates. The executive officers of each local division 
form the executive council of the central division, by which all bene- 
fits are dispensed. There are four local divisions in the city, three 
of which, as well as the central body, meet at Hibernia Hall. 

Highland House and Belvedere, the newest and by far the 
most fashionable of the unique hill-top resorts, is situated on Mount 
Adams. The attractions at this delightful place are unsurpassed, and 
never fail to draw forth the most enthusiastic admiration of visitors. 
The halls, restaurant, bowling-saloon, billiard-room, ladies' reception- 
room, and parlor are decorated and furnished in a costly manner. 
The views from all parts of the house and grounds, and especially 
from the esplanade, belvedere, and balconies, are as grand as any in 
this locality. The Ohio River, spanned by three magnificent bridges, 
the romantic beauty of the Kentucky hills, the picturesque scenery of 
the Licking valley, the charming landscape of Eden Park, together 
with a full view of Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport, form a 
panorama of the grandest and most varied character. Connected 
with the Highland House is a ladies' riding-school and pony-track. 



94 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

In the belvedere and on the grounds various entertainments take 
place; and on Tuesday and Friday evenings, until Oct. i, the Theo- 
dore Thomas orchestra concerts are given here. At the concerts the 
admission is twenty-five cents, but at other times free, unless other- 
wise advertised. The Highland-house property is owned by a stock- 
company, of which G. B. Kerper is president. Horse-cars. — Sixth 
and Baymiller Streets run direct ; and on all other lines of the Con- 
solidated Street-railroad Company, tickets to the Highland House 
are sold, and the passengers transferred at Walnut Street. 

Hilltops, the. — A name given generally to the elevated ground 
forming the boundary of three sides of the city, before its encroach- 
ments on adjacent territory. They form a semicircle about the lower 
levels, the east-and-west diameter of which is three miles, and the 
north-and-south radius a mile and a half. They have an average 
elevation above the Ohio River of four hundred feet ; reaching higher 
at many points, but seldom lower than that figure. They are broken 
only by Deer Creek and Mill Creek on the north, and Lick Run on 
the west. They are now covered with elegant private residences, 
public institutions, and places of public resort. The summit is 
reached in all directions by the four inclined-plane railways. 

Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, College Build 
ing. Library of 7,500 volumes and 30,000 pamphlets. Museum of 
historical curiosities. It has 83 members. Terms, $10 a year, $100 
for life; corresponding and honorary members not charged. Meet- 
ings, first Saturday evening of each month. Open from ten a.m. to 
one p.m., except Sundays. Visitors welcome. 

Home of the Friendless. — An institution having for its object 
the reclamation of abandoned women. It is managed by ladies 
connected with the various Protestant denominations of the city 
The building is on the south side of Court Street, between Central 
Avenue and John Street, is four stories in height, and can accommo- 
date about 150 inmates. Commitments of young and incorrigible 
girls, who are on the road to ruin, are sometimes made from the 
police-court, when they are too old to enter the House of Refuge 
These are kindly cared for, although the Home has no authority to 
detain them. An average of 500 women and abandoned infants find 
temporary quarters in the Home each year. 

Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, the Cincinnati, corner Seventh 
and Mound Streets. All kinds of cases treated free. There are 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 95 

three departments, — the medical, the surgery and diseases of women, 
and the eye and ear. Consultation, nine to eleven a.m.; dispensary 
open from two to four p.m. daily. 

Hopkins Park is named in honor of a former dry-goods merchant, 
L. C. Hopkins, who gave the city the three-fourths of an acre that 
the park contains. It is situated on the brow of Mount Auburn, at 
the head of Sycamore Street, and south end of Auburn Avenue. 

Horse-Cars. — Fountain Square is the horse-car centre of Cin 
cinnati ; the cars of all the lines below the hills passing it in their 
route, with the exception of the Third-street and Eighth-street lines, 
which pass within a square's distance. On almost all lines a single 
fare is five cents : tickets in packages of six, four cents each ; or 
twenty-five for a dollar. On route 9, single fare is four cents ; twenty- 
five tickets for ninety cents. Route 9 tickets are not taken on the 
other lines : all other tickets are good on either line. Transfer 
tickets are given, without extra charge, on all West End lines, to 
persons desiring to go as far west as Spring-grove Avenue or 
Brighton Station, a change of cars being made at Coleman Street. 
Through tickets, including two Bottom lines, one Inclined-plane and 
one Hill line, are sold on the cars for ten cents. Single fare on the 
inclined planes, five cents. The following is a list of the various 
lines, with their routes; the most popular name of the route being 
given. 

Avenue line. — See Cumminsville and Spring-grove line. 

Avondale line. — Starting from Fourth and Walnut Streets, thence 
north on Walnut to Fifth Streets, east to Broadway, north to Hunt 
Street, north-eastwardly to Montgomery Road, following same to 
Reading Road, and thence to Clinton-springs Avenue in Avondale; 
returning by same route to Fourth Street and Broadway, thence west 
to starting point. 

Baymiller-street line start from the corner of McLean and Harri- 
son Avenues, south on McLean to Western Avenue, south-east to 
Liberty, east to Baymiller, south to Sixth, east to Vine, south to Fifth, 
east to Lock, south to Third, west to Lawrence, north to Fourth, west 
to Elm, north to Sixth, thence west and north by double track to 
place of beginning. 

Clifton line start from top of Clifton Inclined Plane, north to 
Calhoun, east to Vine, north to Hammond, east to Carthage Pike, 
north to Zoological Gardens, Burnet Woods, and Clifton. 



9 6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Covi)igton lines. — There are two lines to Covington, all starting 
from the Vine-street end of Fountain Square, south on Vine to 
Front, east to suspension-bridge, which they all cross. 

Cumminsville and Spring-grove Avenue line start from stables Har- 
rison and McLean Avenues, thence south on McLean Avenue to 
Western Avenue, thence south-east to Liberty Street, east to Free- 
man Avenue, south to Clark, east to Central Avenue, south to 
Twelfth Street, east to Walnut, south to Fourth Street, west to Vine 
Street, north to Twelfth Street, thence returning by double track to 
Spring-grove Avenue, and northwardly on said avenue to Cummins- 
ville, connecting at Knowlton's Corner with cars running direct to 
the gate of Spring-grove Cemetery;' returning by double track to the 
place of starting. 

Eden-park and Walnut-hills line 'Start from Fourth and Vine Streets, 
north on Vine to Fifth, east to Mount-Adams Inclined Plane, north- 
wardly through Eden Park over a trestle-bridge 454 feet long and 
by Gilbert Avenue to Curtis Street, east to Kemper Lane, north to 
McMillan, east to Park Avenue, north to Chestnut; returning by 
same routes. 

Eighth-street line start from west end of Eighth Street, east on 
Eighth to Central Avenue, south to Fourth, east to Main, north to 
Sixth, west to Elm, north to Eighth, west to place of beginning. 

Elm-street line start from East-end Garden in Pendleton, west on 
Eastern Avenue to Washington and Third, thence on Third to Mar- 
tin, thence to Pearl, west to Broadway, north to Fourth, west to Elm, 
north to McMicken Avenue ; returning on Elm to Fifth, east to 
Broadway, south to Pearl, east to Front, and continuing by Front 
and Eastern Avenue to place of beginning. Connection is made at 
the East-end Garden with the Columbia and Mount-Lookout steam 
dummies. 

Freeman-street line. — Same as Seventh-street line. 

Gilbert-avenue line. — Same as Walnut-hills line. 

John-street line start from Fourth and Main, west on Fourth 
to John, north to Findlay, west to Baymiller, north to Bank, west to 
Coleman, north to Central Avenue ; returning east and south on Cen- 
tral Avenue to Fifth, east to Main, and south to Fourth. 

Liberty-street line. — Starting from Fourth and Main Streets, west 
on Fourth to Elm Street, north to Liberty Street, west to Freeman 
Avenue, north to Central Avenue, west to Colerain Avenue, thence 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 97 

northwardly to Centre Street in Camp Washington: returning by 
same route to Freeman Avenue and York Street, thence east on 
York Street to Linn Street, south to Liberty Street, east to Elm 
Street, south to Twelfth Street, east to Vine Street, south to Fifth 
Street, east to Main Street, and south to Fourth Street. 

Main-street line start at Fifth and Main, north on Main to Inclined 
Plane, from the summit of which north on Locust to Mason, east on 
Mason to Auburn, and north on Auburn and Washington Streets to 
Zoological Gardens ; returning by same route to Main and Court, 
west on Court to Walnut, south to Fifth, and east to Main. 

A T eioport line start from the Walnut-street end of Fountain Square, 
east on Fifth to Broadway, south to Pearl, east to the Louisville 
Short-line Railroad Bridge, thence across the bridge to Newport, 
making connection with the Bellevue and Dayton steam dummy. 

Riverside and Sedamsville line start from Eighth-street and Walker 
mill Road, south on the latter to Lower River Road, and west to 
Riverside ; return by same route. 

Seventh-street line cars start from Fourth and Vine, north on Vine 
to Seventh, west to Freeman, north to Bank, west to Coleman, north 
to Central Avenue, east to Freeman ; returning, south on Free- 
man to York, easL to Linn, south to Ninth, east to Walnut, south to 
Fourth, west to Vine. 

Sixth-street line. — Same as Baymiller-street line. 

Third-street line start from Third and Lawrence, north on Law- 
rence to Fourth, west to Smith, north to Fifth, west to Freeman, 
north to Sixth, west to Mill-Creek Bridge ; returning by the same 
route to Fifth and Wood, south on Wood to Third, and east to 
Lawrence. 

Vine-street, or Route g, start from Vine-street end of Fountain 
Square, north on Vine to McMicken Avenue, thence north-west to 
Mohawk Bridge, connecting with cars on Brown Street ; thence north- 
wardly to Cliff Street ; returning by same route. 

Walunt-hills line start from Fourth and Walnut, north to Fifth 
east to Broadway, north to Hunt, east via Effluent-pipe Street to 
Gilbert Avenue, north to Walnut Hills ; returning by Gilbert Avenue 
to Broadway, south to Fourth, and west to Walnut Street. 

Horticultural Society, the Cincinnati, has been established 
about thirty-six years. At its rooms, 180 Main Street, meetings are 
held every Saturday, when topics of interest to horticulturists and 



98 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

agriculturists are discussed, and specimens of fruit exhibited. The 
membership is about six hundred. 

Hospital for Contagious Diseases (popularly known as the 
" Pest House)/' A branch of the Cincinnati Hospital, located in an 
isolated tract of ground in Lick-Run Valley, in the vicinity of the 
Potter's Field, or pauper burying-ground. The house is new and 
commodious, and has accommodations for about a hundred patients. 
It is designed for the treatment of small-pox and other contagious 
diseases. A physician and corps of nurses are employed, the former 
at a salary of $50 per month. 

Hospitals. — See Cincinnati Hospital, Good-Samaritan Hospital, 
St. Mary's Hospital, Jewish Hospital, Hospital for Contagious Dis- 
eases. 

Hotels. — The principal hotels are the Burnet House, Third and 
Vine Streets; Crawford House, Sixth and Walnut Streets; Gibson 
House, Fourth and Walnut Streets; Grand Hotel, Fourth Street 
and Central Avenue; Hotel Emery, Vine, between Fourth and Fifth; 
Hunt's Hotel and Dining-Rooms, Vine, between Fourth and Fifth , 
St. James, Fourth and Hammond Streets , St. Nicholas, Fourth and 
Race ; Walnut-street House, Walnut, between Sixth and Seventh , 
Palace Hotel, Sixth and Vine. 

Hotel Emery is on Vine Street, between Fourth and Fifth 
Streets, but has its entrance in the Emery Arcade. It was opened 
in November, 1877, and has 175 guest-rooms, all well furnished. It 
is one of the newest, largest, and best-kept hotels in the city, and is 
conducted on both the European and American plans. On the 
European plan the prices of rooms range from $1 to $2.50 per day, 
and meals are served in the hotel restaurant at moderate prices. On 
the American plan the terms are $3 and $4 per day. 

House Decorations and Upholstery. — Interest in home beau- 
tifying has lately grown in importance, until the family that has not 
ail or part of the house decorated to some degree, in conformity with 
the demands of modern aestheticism, is considered poorly off indeed. 
Different varieties and degrees of taste are manifest in these attempts, 
and the effect is more or less complete as the parties possess a greater 
or less degree of culture or refinement. That this should be so is 
natural, the more so when we consider that no matter what degree 
of taste the person may have, not having made a study of the subject 
in its most minute details, the general effect must be incomplete and 




Hughes High School. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 101 

unsatisfactory. The irresistible conclusion, then, is that in house 
decorations, one should go to that person or firm best qualified to 
accomplish the desired end in the most pleasing and artistic manner ; 
and to such persons desiring a reliable house, none can be more con- 
scientiously recommended than The John Shillito Company, where 
will be found a competent corps of artists in this branch, whose 
taste and experience can be relied upon to produce the most gratify- 
ing results. 

House of Refuge. — A house of correction for incorrigible and 
criminal youth of both sexes, between the ages of eight and sixteen 
years. The building is situated in Camp Washington, on the Cole- 
rain Pike, three miles and a half from Fountain Square. The build- 
ings are of blue native limestone, with window-caps and cornices of 
white limestone. It is four stories in height, besides the basement, 
and has a frontage of 227 feet. There are now about 500 inmates, 
four-fifths of whom are boys. They are given the rudiments of a 
general education, including music, and are taught useful trades. 
Incorrigible children are committed from the police-court. The term 
of confinement lasts during the minority of the child. The annual 
cost to the city, by which the Refuge is maintained, is about 
$50,000. 

Hughes High School. — Named in honor of its benefactor, 
Thomas Hughes, who left the bulk of his fortune by will to the city, 
for the purpose of founding a high school. The building is situated 
on Fifth Street, opposite the beginning of Mound Street, and was 
built in 1853, at a cost of $25,000. It is a massive building, and in 
architectural beauty is worthy of the city. The average attendance 
of pupils is about 500. Pupils must reside in the district west of 
Central Avenue and south of Clark Street. 

Hunt's Hotel and Dining-Rooms, on the east side of Vine 
Street, between Fourth and Fifth, is one of the most widely known 
places of its kind in this city. The restaurant is exceedingly popu- 
lar, and is one of the most commodious in the West. The prices 
are low, and the cuisine is good. This restaurant, in the oyster-sea- 
son, has the largest oyster-trade in the city. The hotel has a hundred 
rooms, and is conducted on the European plan ; the prices of rooms 
ranging from 50 cents to Si a day. The proprietors are C. B. Hunt 
& Co. 

Imports. — The imports from foreign countries, through this and 



102 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

other ports, show a very marked increase over preceding years. The 
total value of goods imported in 1882 aggregated $1,966,361 in com- 
parison with $1,497,262 in 18S1 ; $1,092,366 in 1880; and $964,614 in 
1879 ! being an increase of more than 31 per cent above those of 188 1, 
80 per cent above 1880, and 103 per cent above 1879. A glance at 
these figures shows a healthy and most gratifying condition of busi- 
ness, and indicates that Cincinnati is making rapid strides towards 
the front rank among ports of entry, and that her merchants are 
more largely and generally than ever before making their purchases 
and imports direct from markets abroad. These facilities guarantee 
lower prices, and larger varieties of goods in this market. Jobbers 
and retailers can now make their purchases virtually at their doors, 
saving the expense and fatigue incident to long journeys to distant 
markets, at one time necessary to obtain supplies of goods. 

Inclined Planes. — There are four of these popular and useful 
elevators in the city, — one in the western, one in the eastern, and 
two in the northern parts. All land their passengers on the heights 
about four hundred feet above the level of the river. Clifton Inclined 
Plane is at the intersection of McMicken Avenue and Elm Street. 
The Elm-street and the Vine-street horse-cars lead directly to it; and 
at the top is the Bellevue House, where connection is made with 
horse-cars for Mount Auburn, Corryville, Zoological Gardens, L>ur- 
net-woods Park, and Clifton. Mount- Adams and Eden-park Inclined 
Plane is on Lock Street, about a hundred feet south of Fifth Street. 
The Baymiller-street line of horse-cars pass the foot of the plane ; 
and when special attractions are offered at the Highland House, 
which is situated at the head of the plane, cars from various parts 
of the city are run direct to the Inclined Plane. At the Highland 
House connection is made with the Eden-park, Walnut-hills, and 
Avondale lines of horse-cars. Mount-Auburn Inclined Platte is at 
the head of Main Street, and is reached by the Main-street line of 
horse-cars. The Lookout House is at the top of the plane, and 
horse-car connection is there made with the Mount-Auburn line for 
the Zoological Gardens. Prices-hill Inclined Plane begins at the 
foot of Eighth Street, where it intersects the State Avenue. This 
is the only one of the inclined railways that has a double track and 
double set of machinery. — one for pedestrians, and the other for 
horses and vehicles. The Eighth-street horse-cars stop at the foot 
of the plane. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 103 

Inclement Weather 

HAS NO TERRORS FOR THOSE WHO ARE PROVIDED WITH 

GOSSAMER ULSTERS, 

CIRCULARS, OR COATS; 



Complete assortment of sizes in qualities impervious to rain can be 
had at prices ranging from $i.i2 l / 2 to $7.50. 



THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY, 



Manufacturers' Agents eor the South and South west. 



India Shawls, or, as they are known by the trade, Valley-Cash- 
mere shawls, can be seen in large variety in the salesrooms of The 
John Shillito Company. Cashmere is a province of Northern India, 
separated from the kingdom of Thibet by the Himalaya Mountains, 
and was formerly included in the Sikh Dominion, a part of the 
Lahore 'Monarchy. In 1846 it was erected by Great Britain into a 
separate state, and placed under a native ruler. Among other curi- 
ous manufactures of Cashmere is that of shawls; and the delicate 
wool of which the finest are made is the produce of a species of 
goat of the adjoining country of Thibet. These shawls, for fineness 
of fibre and depth of coloring, have attained a world-wide reputation. 

Insane Asylum. — See Longview Insane Asylum, and see Sani- 
tarium. 

Insurance Companies. 



04 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 












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pURNITURE D EPARTMENT - 

IN CONNECTION WITH OUR UPHOLSTERY DEPARTMENT WE SHOW A LARGE 
VARIETY OF FINE FURNITURE, EMBRACING 

Suits, 

IN THE 

Different Styles and Woods, 

ALSO 

Large Assortment of Odd or Single Pieces 

IN NUMEROUS STYLES. 

Vienna Bent Wood, Rattan, 

AND 

Reed Furniture, 

IN THE VARIOUS COLORINGS, ALWAYS IN STOCK, AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 

Re-covering and Re-upholstering a Specialty. 



WE ARE PREPARED TO FURNISH PRIVATE RESIDENCES THROUGHOUT,— 

Carpets, Draperies, Furniture, etc. 

DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED WHEN REQUESTED. 

Competent Workmen execute all Orders with Despatch. 



The John Shillito Company. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 113 

Inwood Park. — A name given to the old Shoenberger homestead, 
on Vine Street, about half way up the Vine-street Hill. The grounds 
contain fourteen acres, and are used for picnics, balls, and pleasure- 
parties. The surface is diversified with hills and ravines. It has all 
the necessary appurtenances for dancing, swinging, and athletic exer- 
cises, besides a wine and beer house and restaurant. The most con- 
venient way of reaching the park is by the Mount-Auburn Inclined 
Plane. A bridge 1,100 feet in length spans the principal ravine 
between the Lookout House and Inwood Park. 

Jewish Congregations. — Brotherly Love, purely Germans, occu- 
pies a brick building, dedicated by Rabbi I. M. Wise in 1867. It i s 
situated on the corner of John and Melanchthon Streets, and its seat- 
ing capacity is 400. Membership, 60 families. Children of Israel, 
Reformed; founded in 1830. The present building, south-east corner 
of Eighth and Mound Streets, known as the Mount-street Temple, is 
in a modified Gothic style. It was finished in 1868, at a cost, it is 
said, of $150,000. Seating capacity, 1,200; membership, 200 families; 
rabbi, Raphael Benjamin. Children of Yeshnrum, Reformed, founded 
in 1844. The present building, south-east corner of Eighth and Plum 
Streets, known as the Plum-street Temple, completed in 1866, is one 
of the most unique and costly church structures in Lhe city. It is in 
the pure Moorish style, elegantly furnished and decorated, and with- 
out the ground is said to have cost $275,000. Seating capacity, 1,540; 
membership, 240 families ; rabbi, Isaac M. Wise. K. K. Adath Is- 
rael, Polish, corner of Walnut and Seventh Streets; membership, 60 
families ; rabbi, Henry Kuttner. Orthodox Polish, of an old creed ; 
worship in a small room on the south-west corner of Eighth Street 
and Central Avenue. Sherith Israel, founded in 1856; worship on 
Lodge Street, between Sixth and Seventh. Membership, 80 families; 
rabbi, S. H. Epstein. 

Jewish Hospital, the, founded in 1847 f° r the benefit of sick Israel- 
ites only, was originally located on Betts Street and Central Avenue. 
It was removed to the present building, corner of Third and Baum 
Streets, in 1863. It contains two wards, one for male and one for 
female patients, besides a dozen rooms for pay-patients. The wards 
will accommodate about thirty persons. 

Kindergartens. — Since Friedrich Froebel began to successfully 
teach infants by means of a class of schools named kindergartens, 
there have sprung up, throughout Europe and America, many schools 



114 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

based upon the same methods and adopting the same name. In 
many American cities, such as New York, Boston, St. Louis, and 
Philadelphia, kindergartens have been made an important branch of 
the public-school system; while in many -other cities kindergartens 
have been established by individuals and educational institutions. 
In Cincinnati there are no kindergartens connected with the public 
schools ; but there are five of them in a flourishing condition, one 
conducted by Miss Helene Goodman, another by the Cincinnati Wes- 
leyan College, a third by Miss Lizzie Beaman, a fourth by Miss 
Katherine Dodd, and a fifth by the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. Miss 
Goodman's kindergarten is the best known, and occupies part of the 
first floor of Miss Nourse's school-building, 166 West Seventh Street, 
where the rooms are lofty, well ventilated, neatly furnished, and so 
arranged that the little children are made quite comfortable while 
being amused and taught their first lessons. Miss Goodman was a 
pupil of Madame Krauss of New- York City, and established her 
kindergarten in this city in 1875. Since that time she has enthusi- 
astically devoted herself to her work, and in so doing has had the 
hearty support of influential citizens. 

Knights of Pythias. — A secret benevolent order, similar in 
character to the Masons and Odd Fellows. The members are uni- 
formed, and make a handsome display on parade. There are fifteen 
lodges and one division in Cincinnati. Their principal armories are 
at the north-west corner of Sixth and Walnut, and the south-west 
corner of Eighth Street and Central Avenue. Total membership esti- 
mated at 1,500. 

La Belle Riviere is the name given by the French to the Ohio 
River. 

Landmarks and Historical Places. — The pioneers built log 
houses for defence and shelter, but they were only of a temporary 
character. A few small-windowed two-storied houses yet remain of 
those built in the second period of houses in this city; all without 
special interest, except one on the south side of old Congress Street, 
east of Lawrence, and known as Rose Cottage. Here lived Judge 
Daniel Symmes, and after him Nicholas Longworth. While living 
at Rose Cottage, Judge Symmes built in 181 2, on the south side of 
Congress Street, near Lawrence, a stone house, which after Judge 
Symmes's death was occupied by Peyton S. Symmes, and was for a 
long time the centre of social interest in the city. The walls are 



Picturesque Cincinnati. ik 

built of limestone taken from the bed of the river; and the roof is 
a high gable, slanting toward the street, with an attic-room in the 
peak, and without a dormer window. The hall is on the west side ; 
and it is deep and broad, with a handsome staircase in the rear. The 
ornamentation on the woodwork is quite elaborate and interesting. 
Doubtless in its day it was one of the finest houses in this region ; 
although it is by no means the oldest now standing, nor has it the 
most historical interest. The St. Clair House, shut in from the 
streets by later buildings, stands in the block bounded by Seventh, 
Eighth, and Main Streets, and St. Clair Alley. The date of its 
erection is unknown, and there is a doubt whether it was built by 
Gen. St. Clair or by his son. From the records of real-estate trans- 
fers, it seems to have been built in 1806, and tradition says by the 
general. The walls are of brick brought from Pittsburg ; and the 
door-step is a huge block of sandstone, said to be the first piece of 
this kind of stone used for that purpose in the city. The house has 
a hall through the centre, with doors in front and rear, and a series 
of rooms built on each side, forming a semi-court at the back. The 
staircase is wide, and the stairs of easy ascent. The old house, hid- 
den from sight and almost forgotten, is still in good condition, and 
the walls complete ; and it is one of the points of great local interest. 
The " Bazaar " is the most curious, and, architecturally speaking, the 
oddest old landmark, in the city. It stands on the south side of 
Third Street, just east of Broadway. In 1829 Mrs. Frances Trollope 
thought to revolutionize the trade and society of the growing town, 
so she built a house where pleasure and business should be com- 
bined. Her efforts were without effect, and the old structure looks 
as if it had been dropped from some other country among uncongen- 
ial mates. The design of the facade is nondescript. There are three 
high windows, reaching over two stories ; and the windows have a 
half Gothic, half Moorish effect, which is not altogether displeasing. 
There is an iron balcony running across the front below the cornice. 
Here were held the Fourth-of-July celebrations and the annual balls 
of the early times. 

The element of the population that held Virginia traditions built, 
between 1825-30, several fine houses in the semi-classical style ; the 
oldest being the Key's House, where Charles McMicken lived, and 
a part of which may yet be seen in front of the University of Cin- 
cinnati building. It is on a side hill overlooking the Hamilton Road, 



n6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

once the great thoroughfare between the North and South. In much 
the same style is the house now owned and occupied by David Sin- 
ton, on the east side of Pike Street, almost opposite the east end of 
Fourth. The house was begun by Martin Baum, and finished by 
Nicholas Longworth, who died there. It is a one-story house, very 
wide and deep, with a broad hall through the centre, resting on a 
half-story or basement. The place has always been known as the 
gathering spot for the culture and refinement of the city. In the 
square on Bank Street, occupied by the Sisters of the Good Shep- 
herd, is another of those grand old houses. It was the home of 
Major Daniel Gano. Another of the same class was built by 
Thomas Carneal, and still stands in Ludlow, Ky. On the north-east 
corner of Orchard and Main Streets is a plain brick house, having 
long porches in the rear, which was the home of William Woodward, 
the founder of Woodward College. When Third was the fashion- 
able street, there were many fine houses on both sides of it, built 
mostly with Greek-temple facades. Here lived Samuel Foote and 
Griffin Taylor. Of this class of houses only one remains, — that of 
George T. Williamson, between Plum and Elm Streets. Major Wil- 
liam Barr built two now old and noted houses. The first, or at least 
part of it, can be seen on the north-west corner of Smith and Sixth 
Streets; and the second is standing on Barr Street, near Mound. 
Major Clarkson's house, on Bank Street, is a relic of the time when 
the north-west section of the city below the hills was only farm-land. 
There were many other dwellings of note; but the old public build- 
ings have been destroyed. The court-house was twice burned, and 
the early churches and mills have disappeared. Near a century's 
life has left in the city but little that is either quaint or charming. — 
Pitts H. Burt. 

(See Burnet Residence and Lytle House.) 

Lane Theological Seminary was chartered and first opened for 
academic instruction in 1829. The theological department went into 
operation in 1832, under the presidency of Rev. Lyman Beecher, 
D.D. ; and since that time about 700 students have received theolo- 
gical training. In 1835 the academic department was discontinued. 
At present there are six instructors, and accommodations for 50 stu- 
dents. The grounds comprise about five acres; and the buildings 
include a dormitory, boarding-hall, library-hall, chapel, and several 
dwellings for the professors. Besides these, there is now being 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 117 

erected a recitation-hall, which will be a beautiful structure, and also 
a valuable adjunct to the seminary property. The building is to be 
of blue limestone, three stories in height, with mansard roof. It will 
contain recitation-rooms for all the seminary classes, chapel for daily 
prayers, gymnasium, etc. The library now contains 13,000 volumes 
of standard theological, rare, valuable, and miscellaneous works. 
Lane Seminary is under control of the Presbyterian Church ; but all 
students, whatever may be their denominational connection, are wel- 
comed. It has had a prosperous career, and has a promising future. 
It is situated on Gilbert Avenue, Walnut Hills, and can be visited 
at any time during the day. Horse-cars, — Eden-park, Walnut-hills, 
and Avondale line, and the Gilbert-avenue line. 

Latonia Springs. — A beautiful suburb in Kentucky, six miles 
from Fountain Square, on the Lexington Pike. It was once a noted 
watering-place, and favorite resort of Kentuckians. There is a fine 
hotel, ample grounds, spring-houses, and other convenient buildings. 
The waters possess no medicinal virtues, and as a watering-place 
Latonia Springs is a thing of the past. It is a beautiful drive, how- 
ever, the route being picturesque throughout its length. 

Law-Courts. — Common Pleas Court for Hamilton Cotinty is 
composed of seven judges, elected by the people for a term of five 
years. This is the court of general, civil, and criminal jurisdiction, 
and throughout the State is the court established for this purpose by 
the constitution. It has appellate jurisdiction, as well as jurisdiction 
in proceedings in error, from justices of the peace in civil actions for 
any amount, and original jurisdiction in all civil cases for amounts of 
$100 and upwards. It has also appellate and error jurisdiction from 
the probate court. Sessions held in the Court House. Probate Court 
for Hamilton County has one judge, elected by the people for a term 
of three years. It has original and exclusive jurisdiction in all matter 
of wills, administrations of estate, and guardianship ; and concurrent 
jurisdiction with the common pleas in habeas corpus and in condem- 
nation of lands for public uses. This court was established by stat- 
ute, and has no appellate jurisdiction. Sessions held in the Court 
House. Superior Court of Cincinnati has three judges, elected for a 
term of five years, by the people. Its jurisdiction is limited to the 
city, and therein is concurrent with the common pleas in all civil 
cases of $100 and upwards. It has no criminal or appellate jurisdic- 
tion, but is a special court established by statute. District Court for 



pi&nop supp&ies. 



WE ARE PREPARED TO FURNISH 



PIii5Ke5, Terrie$, I(&w Silk, 



AND OTHER DRAPERIES, 



SK&d c 5, Burl^, Frin$ c 5, 
Furniture Gimp5, (>rp c l5, Oil (l^H 

Mid IsinoIeum5 

For railroad uses, and can supply the above articles at short notice, as 
we keep them constantly in stock. 

Import orders for large quantities taken upon a commission basis. 

r\MlimcJ Purch&$in$ J{fy>nl$ 

SHOULD OBTAIN OUR PRICES BEFORE BUYING. 



THE tJOBN SMMTO QOmfWy. 



118 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 119 

First Judicial District, that is, for Hamilton County, is composed of 
any three judges of the court of common pleas, whose term is fixed 
by such rules as the court of common pleas may make. This court 
has original jurisdiction in mandamus and quo warranto cases, and 
appellate jurisdiction from common pleas in all cases where the con- 
stitutional right of trial by jury is not granted. On appeal, all cases 
are tried de novo. It has jurisdiction in error in all civil cases from 
the common pleas and superior courts. Error in criminal cases lies 
to supreme court direct. This court also was established by stat- 
ute. Sessions held in the Court House. Police Court of Cincinnati 
consists of one judge, elected by the people for two years. It has 
jurisdiction over all offences against the city ordinances, and of any 
misdemeanors within four miles of the city. In all felonies it has 
jurisdiction to hear and bind over to the grand jury. Sessions held 
in the City Building. Justices of the Peace are elected by the people 
for three years. They have original jurisdiction in all civil cases for 
money only under $100, and concurrent jurisdiction in cases up to 
$300. In cases of all crimes and misdemeanors, including bastardy, 
they have power to hear and bind over to the grand jury. There are 
ten justices, who have their offices or court-rooms in different parts 
of the city. United-States Circuit and District Courts for the South- 
ern District of Ohio are held in Cincinnati in the Post-Office and 
Custom-House Building. 

Law-Library, the Cincinnati. — As early as 1834 a special char- 
ter was obtained from the General Assembly for the incorporation of 
the " Cincinnati Law- Library ; " but no organization took place under 
this charter, and nothing effective was done until 1846, when a com- 
mittee was appointed to obtain subscriptions. Rooms we're then pro- 
vided, and the library started on a modest scale. It has steadily 
increased, both in number of books and members, until now it con- 
tains ten thousand volumes, and is one of the most conveniently 
arranged and most complete law-libraries in the country. The rooms 
are in the Court House, and are open to members, introduced stran- 
gers, and to the senior class of the Cincinnati Law-School. 

Law-School, the Cincinnati, a department of the Cincinnati 
College, occupies rooms in the third story of College Building. The 
school is divided into two classes, junior and senior, each having a 
separate course of study and text-books. The term begins on the 
Thursday next following the second Tuesday of October, and con- 



120 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

tinues until the second Wednesday of the ensuing May. The stu- 
dents enjoy the use of a library of 1,600 volumes belonging to the 
school, and seniors also have access to the Cincinnati Law-Library. 
During the school-year 1881-82 there were 127 students attending 
the lectures. Jacob D. Cox, the dean; Rufus King, George Hoadly, 
Henry A. Morrill, Manning F. Force, and Ex-Gov. John W. Steven- 
son compose the faculty. 

Law's Insurance Agency is the oldest in the city, and the 
leading agency in the State of Ohio. It is conducted by John H. 
Law, who represents several of the largest and strongest companies 
in the world; and among them are the Royal of Liverpool, with 
assets of $32,000,000; the Imperial and Northern of London, $37,- 
495,000; the London and Lancashire of Liverpool, $8,460,000; the 
Fire Association of Philadelphia, $4,400,000 ; the Phenix of New 
York, $3,300,000; the United Firemen's of Philadelphia, $650,000; 
and the Metropolitan Plate Glass of New York, $146,000. The 
agency employs a score of men, and occupies elegant and commodi- 
ous quarters on the south-east corner of Third and Walnut Streets. 

Libraries. — The most important public libraries are the Public 
Library, the Mercantile Library, the Cincinnati Law Library, the 
libraries of the Historical and Philosophical Society, the St. Xavier 
College, the Sisters of Notre Dame Academy, the Lane Theological 
Seminary, Mount St. Mary's Seminary, and the Cincinnati Hospital. 
There are numerous valuable private libraries, many of which are 
rich in specialties. Some of the noteworthy private libraries are 
those of A. T. Goshorn, most of which was presented to him by the 
citizens of Philadelphia, in recognition of his services as director- 
general of the Exposition in 1876, the room itself being exquisitely 
fitted up by a committee sent here for the purpose; Robert Clarke, 
containing bibliography and literary history, science, and rare and 
numerous works in Scottish history and poetry; Henry Probasco, a 
costly collection of ancient, rare, and exquisitely bound books, well 
arranged, classified, and catalogued; E. T. Carson, having probably 
the most complete Masonic collection in the world, besides a fine 
Shakspearian collection; J. B. Stallo, a large library with a specialty 
of philosophical works; Stanley Matthews, abounding in law, scien- 
tific, and theological works ; George McLaughlin, containing standard 
historical works, and a great variety of books on art, as well as many 
curious books ; M. F. Force, a fine collection of books relating to 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 123 

American Indians; T. D. Lincoln, one of the most extensive and 
useful collections of law-books in the world. 

Licking River has its source in Floyd County, Ky., 180 miles 
from its mouth. It empties into the Ohio, between the cities of 
Xewport and Covington, opposite the foot of Broadway, Cincinnati. 
It is navigable for steamers as far as the falls at Cole's Garden, four 
miles from its mouth. Above that point, in dry summers, it has but 
little water; but in winter and spring flatboats descend it for 70 or 
So miles. An effort was once made to improve the channel by means 
of dams and locks, but the enterprise was abandoned. 

Lick Run. — This name applies to a village, a creek, and a turn- 
pike. The village is a short distance west of Fairmount, and is part 
of the 24th ward of the city. Lick-run Creek rises in Green town- 
ship, and flows almost due east to Mill Creek, emptying info that 
turbid stream at Fairmount. The Lick-run Pike adheres closely to 
the bed of the stream, and terminates at Fairmount, where it joins 
the Harrison Pike. 

Lincoln Club. — A Republican club, organized in 1879, and s i m ~ 
ilar in its organization and objects to the Union League of New 
York. Its club-house, on the south-west corner of Eighth and Race 
Streets, was until recently the residence of Dr. George Mendenhall. 
It is elegantly furnished and well located. None but Republicans 
are eligible for membership, which now numbers four hundred. Each 
member holds one share of stock, valued at $25, and pays $10 a year 
for dues. Visitors may be introduced by members, and Republicans 
from other places are cordially welcomed. 

Lincoln Park, situated in the West End, covers ten acres. There 
is a lake and an island; the lake being used in winter for skating, 
and in summer for boating. Horse-cars, Freeman-street line. 

Linwood, a village incorporated in 1874, with a population of five 
hundred, is on the east border-line of Cincinnati. It is situated on 
the Little Miami Railroad, six miles and a half from the Court- 
House, and lies nestled among the hills, from the tops of which can 
be seen the farms lying in three counties. There is a graded school, 
Congregational, Baptist, and Methodist churches, a hame-factory, 
etc. ; but the people are chiefly business-men of Cincinnati ; and the 
town presents the appearance of a neat New-England village. 

Literary Club. — Organized 1849. Meetings are held Saturday 
evenings from September to June. Membership is limited to one 



124 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

hundred, seven-eighths of all votes cast required to elect. Initiation- 
fee, $10 ; annual dues, $20. The rooms at 24 West Fourth Street 
are adorned with numerous fine engravings, statuettes, busts, sketches, 
and paintings. Visitors are admitted, but only at the invitation of 
members. The president is Charles B. Wilby. Ex-President Hayes 
has been a member since 1849. 

Longview Insane Asylum, the largest institution of its kind in 
the West, is supported by Hamilton County alone, although two 
directors are appointed by the governor of Ohio. It costs about 
$100,000 annually to run it. The noble edifice is located half a mile 
south-east of Carthage, on rising ground. It is of brick, is 612 feet 
long, five stories in height, and is thought fire-proof. The stairways 
are built of iron. The building contains 650 rooms. The yearly 
average of patients treated is about 1,000; the average of resident 
patients being 750. It was completed in i860, and cost $500,000. Any 
one can visit the institution and examine the grounds on Thursdays. 

Lookout House is on Jackson Hill, at the head of the Mount- 
Auburn Inclined-plane Railway. The structure is oblong in shape, 
eighty by two hundred feet, including the south balcony, which ex- 
tends its entire length. The grounds, which contain about six acres, 
are handsomely divided into lawns and flower-beds, the lawns being 
furnished with refreshment-tables. It is the oldest, and was for 
several years the only, place of the kind in the tity. Five thousand 
guests can easily be entertained. Admission free. Horse-cars, — 
Main-street line. 

Lookout Opera-House. — A large octagonal building surmounted 
by a dome, in the grounds adjoining the Lookout House. It contains 
a stage for dramatic performances. The auditorium is arranged in 
the form of an amphitheatre. The house can also be used for a 
circus, the ring being cast in the parquette. Admission is usually 
twenty-five cents. Horse-cars, Main-street line. 

Ludlow. — A Kentucky suburb, opposite the mouth of Mill Creek. 
Distance from Fountain Square, two miles. The population is about 
1,500, composed chiefly of Cincinnati business and working men. 
The Fifth-street ferry lands at the eastern end of the village. The 
Third-street horse-cars connect with the ferry. 

Lytle House, the, No. 66 Lawrence Street, was built in 1814; 
and although one of the oldest buildings now standing, it is yet in an 
excellent state of preservation. It was built for Gen. William Lytle, 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 125 

and has always been occupied by his family and descendants. His 
grandson was Gen. W. H. Lytle, who fell at the battle of Chicka- 
mauga. One of the men who worked on the house at the time of 
its erection was Joseph Jones, now in his ninety-fourth year, one of the 
oldest living residents of the city. In 1837 Andrew Jackson visited 
Cincinnati, and during his stay remained at this house. 

Mannerchor, A. P. A. — A singing-club connected with the Ger- 
man branch of the American Protestant Association. The chorus 
numbers about fifty voices. Weekly meetings are held. 

Mannerchor, Cincinnati, a German singing society, having male 
and female voices, under the direction of Otto Singer. The society 
has about 120 active and 200 contributing members. Meetings for 
practice were held weekly in Mannerchor Hall, corner Vine and Mer- 
cer Streets. The building was destroyed by fire on the 4th of August, 
1879, and the valuable musical library belonging to the society burned. 
Weekly meetings are now held in Eureka Hall. 

Mannerchor, Germania, was organized in the year 1872, by 
seceders from the Cincinnati Mannerchor. From a small beginning 
the society has increased its numbers to 250, most of whom are con- 
tributing members. The active members do not exceed forty. 

Mannerchor, St. Cecilia. — Originally composed of the members 
of the choir of St. Mary's Catholic Church. It now has about forty 
active members, belonging mostly to the German Catholic choirs of 
the city. The society was organized in May, 1867. 

Manufactures. — Cincinnati occupies a leading position among 
the manufacturing cities of the United States, and an eminent one 
among those of the world. She is singularly well situated for pro- 
curing raw material, and for distributing manufactured goods. The 
business centre of a great iron region, convenient to lumber of all 
kinds, grain, cotton, cattle, sheep, hogs, wool, stone, and other raw 
materials in great abundance, with a community of manufacturers 
distinguished for their economical administration, pecuniary ability, 
scientific attainments, mechanical skill, and artistic taste, the future 
development of her industries will only be measured by the ambition 
and activity of her citizens. A distinguishing feature of the city is 
the scope of her products and the large number of individual manu- 
facturers. To her manufacturers the year has been one of singular 
activity. In nearly all departments there has been increased produc- 
tion, as in the case of buggies and carriages, the production of which, 



126 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

in late years, has shown most remarkable development, the increase 
having been of a very pronounced character. Her manufactured 
products, in 1881, according to the figures of J. F. Blackburn, secre- 
tary of the Board of Trade and Transportation of Cincinnati, aggre- 
gated $163,351,497. The cash capital invested to produce this value 
was $67,651,552; the value of the real estate occupied, $40,096,458 ; 
the number of establishments engaged, 5,450; and the number of 
hands employed, 80,839. These figures are easily made on paper : 
their magnitude is likely to pass without attracting the attention they 
deserve. But when one remembers that the number of men, women, 
and children now employed in production is greater than was the 
entire population of the city little more than 30 years ago, and that 
the production itself has increased tenfold in 40 years, the growth 
and extent of our industrial forces become more apparent. With 
whatever drawbacks there may be, there never was more to encour- 
age our manufacturers than now. The desirableness of removing all 
unnecessary expense to production is so apparent, that this will 
speedily come ; the attention from thoughtful and active citizens, 
which local transportation is receiving, being one of the promises of 
such a consummation. The only true standard for the measurement 
of the relation of the work of different years is the quantities of 
various commodities which change hands. Thus, the aggregate value 
of our manufactures, which last year reached $163,351,497, repre- 
sents material which, at the close of the war, would have immensely 
exceeded these figures ; while the sales of dry-goods and clothing, 
which in the past year aggregated $41,808,234, represent in packages, 
pieces, yards, etc., a very much larger quantity than the same sum 
would have purchased when the prices for standard fabrics were 
from six to eight times greater than those now prevailing. From the 
detailed table it will be seen that the aggregate value of specific 
commodities in the past year was $179,712,718, an increase of $11, • 
799,816 over 1879. I n these figures are not embraced dry-goods, 
clothing, books, hats and caps, silks, millinery goods, paper, musical 
instruments, silverware, jewelry, etc. If the approximate value of 
these were added, it would swell the aggregate to $274,651,218, an 
increase over 1879 °f $18,513,316. Of the whole production in 1881, 
the manufactures of metals aggregated $24,847,286; wood, $14,204,- 
244; food, $20,668,153; liquors, $26,647,000; clothing, $18,695,844; 
leather, $11,338,735; soap, candles, and oils, $8,317,682 ; drugs, chem- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 127 

icals. etc., 54.425,522; paper, $4,416,326; tobacco, $5,339,024; print- 
ing and publishing, 54,401,735; carriages, cars, etc., $6,548,690; stone 
and earth, $2,559,510; cotton, wool, hemp, etc., $1,592,013; book- 
binding and blank-books, $341,700; fine-arts, $826,827; miscellane- 
ous, $8,181,206. The manufactures of either food, metals, or liquors 
were larger in 1881 than the entire manufactures of Cincinnati in 
1840. Many products of this city, too, are as wide in their distribu- 
tion as the whole is varied in its nature. They go, not only through- 
out this country, but to all the nations of Europe, China, Japan, 
Australia, South America, British Columbia, Sandwich Islands, etc. 
They carry the good name of the Cincinnati producers with them, 
and are steadily laying the foundations for a trade, both at home and 
abroad, of which the present is but a feeble promise. 

Markets. — One by one the old-fashioned markets are disappear- 
ing. The Pearl-street Market, on Pearl, between Plum and Central 
Avenue, was the first to disappear; and its place was taken by the 
Plum-street Depot. The Fifth-street Market, which was regarded 
the finest in the city, gave way to the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson 
Fountain ; although the Esplanade is occasionally used as a flower- 
market, an ornamental stand being placed thereon for the purpose, 
to fill the letter of the law, inasmuch as the site was deeded sixty 
years ago for market purposes only. The markets now in active 
operation are : Lower Market, on Pearl Street, between wSycamore 
and Broadway ; Sixth-street Market, on Sixth, between Plum and 
Central Avenue ; Court-street Market, on Court, between Walnut 
and Vine ; Findlay Market, on Findlay, between Elm and Plum ; and 
Wade-street Market, on Wade, between Central Avenue and John 
Street. During market-days, hucksters and farmers are allowed to 
occupy the streets for a number o£ squares at each end of the 
market-houses. It is surmised that all the market-houses will soon 
be abolished. 

Masonic Temple. — This is a massive freestone building, in the 
Byzantine style, situated on the north-east corner of Third and Wal- 
nut Streets. It is five stories high, 195 by 100 feet, with unfinished 
spire, and cost about $200,000. The basement and ground-floor are 
occupied by banks and other business offices. The second floor is 
chiefly occupied by lawyers' offices. The upper stories are devoted 
to the uses of the Masonic order, and are the meeting-places of most 
of the city lodges. There are separate halls for the entered appren- 



128 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

tice, fellow-craft, and master-masons' lodges, the royal arch chapter, 
commandery, and consistory. The Temple contains also a large ban- 
quet-hall. It is under the control of Nova Cesarea Harmony Lodge, 
No. 2. In an archi- and the interior, which can 

tectural point of ^^essae^^^^ be visited any week-day 
view, it is one .^^ * \ ^^s. at ten 

of the chief 
ornaments 
of the 
citv; 



a.m., is well 
being seen. 




Masonic Temple. 



Masons, Free and Accepted. — In this city there are sixteen 
lodges of Master Masons, including three colored lodges. Of these, 
nine lodges meet monthly in Masonic Temple : viz., N. C. Harmony, 
No. 2; Miami, No. 46; Lafayette, No. 81; Cincinnati, No. 133; 
McMillan, No. 141; Cynthia, No. 155; Hanselmann (German), No. 
208; Kilwinning, No. 356; and Excelsior, No. 369. Vattier Lodge, 
No. 386, meets on the north side of Sixth Street, between Central 
Avenue and John Street; Hoffner Lodge, No. 253, meets in Cum- 
minsville; Walnut-hills Lodge, No. 483, meets at north-west corner 
of Gilbert Avenue and McMillan Street; Yeatman Lodge, No. 162, 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 129 

meets at 1079 Eastern Avenue. Of the higher Masonic bodies, the 
following meet in Masonic Temple : Cincinnati, No. 2, McMillan, 
No. 19, and Willis, No. 131, Chapters of Royal Arch Masons; Cin- 
cinnati Council, No. 1, Royal and Select Masters ; Cincinnati, No. 3, 
and Hanselmann, No. 16, Cbmmanderies of Knights Templar; and 
the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, consisting of Ohio Consis- 
tory S. P. R. S., 32 ; Cincinnati Chapter of Rose Croix, 18 ; Dalcho 
Council, P. of J., 16 ; and Gibulum Lodge of Perfection, 14 . Kil- 
winning Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 96, and Kilwinning 
Council of Royal and Select Masters, No. 52, meet on the north side 
of Sixth Street, between Central Avenue and John Street. Three 
colored lodges meet at the north-west corner of Sixth and Main : 
viz., Corinthian, No. 1 ; True American, No. 2 ; St. John, No. 3. 
Prince White Chapter, R. A. M., No. 1, and Zerubbabel Command- 
ery, Knights Templar, No. 1, meet at the same place. The number 
of Masons in Cincinnati is estimated at three thousand. 

Medical Colleges. — See Miami Medical College, Medical Col- 
lege of Ohio, College of Medicine and Surgery, Eclectic Medical 
Institute, Pulte Medical College, and Physio-Medical Institute. 

Medical College of Ohio. — The oldest medical college in the: 
West, having been founded in 18 19. The college edifice is on the 
south side of Sixth Street, between Vine and Race Streets. Two 
sessions per annum are held : the regular session, beginning in Octo- 
ber, and ending in March following ; the spring session, beginning in 
March, and lasting until June. Fees for the course, $75; matricula- 
tion, dissecting, hospital, and practical chemistry, each $5 ; gradua- 
tion, $25. There are ten professorships. Professor W. W. Seely is 
dean of the faculty. Daily clinics are held at the Good Samaritan 
Hospital, of which the college faculty have charge. Students also 
have the privilege of the clinics at the Cincinnati Hospital. 

Medical Society, the Cincinnati. — A society of physicians of 
the regular school, for the reading of papers and the discussion of 
topics of interest to the medical profession. It originated in 1874 
by a secession from the Academy of Medicine, caused by an unsatis- 
factory solution of a problem of medical ethics. During the autumn, 
winter, and spring months, the society holds weekly meetings at 
203 West Seventh Street. Membership fee, $3 ; annual dues, $2. 
Dr. T. T. Goodman is president, and Dr. Reynolds secretary. 

Melodeon Hall. — North-west corner of Fourth and Walnut 



13° Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Streets, in the third story. It is one of the large public halls in 
the city, and is used for first-class entertainments. It was for a term 
of years leased by the Allemania Club. It is now the property of 
Peter Gibson, owner of the Gibson House adjoining. He purposes 
tearing the building down, and extending the hotel to Fourth 
Street. 

Memphis and Ohio-river Packet Company, located, and its 
boats owned, in Cincinnati. Three boats a week will run between 
Cincinnati and Memphis, requiring four first-class steamers to meet 
the service; viz., the "Andy Baum," "J. W. Gaff," "Vint Shinkle," 
" Cons. Millar." Passenger and freight rates fluctuate, according to 
the season and stage of water. Wharf-boat at foot of Sycamore 
Street. Office, n and 12 Public Landing. Robert W. Wise is super- 
intendent, and James D. Parker secretary and treasurer. J. W. Gaff, 
President. 

Mercantile Library. — See Young Men's Mercantile Library 
Association. 

Merchants' and Manufacturers' Insurance Company of Cin- 
cinnati is one of the oldest and largest of the local companies. Its 
•charter, granted in 1838, is perpetual. Its cash capital is $150,000, 
and assets $286,493. ^ n tne f° rt y years of its existence it not only 
has paid $866,146 for losses, but also has declared dividends that 
will average over twelve per cent a year; for 1879 the dividend being 
ten per cent. A general fire and cargo business is done, and the 
company's office is at 15 West Third Street. The record of the time 
of service of its officers is noteworthy. B. B. Whiteman was secre- 
tary of the Cincinnati Insurance Company from 1832 to 1850 ; and 
then became connected with the Merchants' and Manufacturers', 
which he served as secretary and president from 1850 to 1879. He 
was succeeded as president by William H. Calvert, who had been the 
secretary of the Cincinnati Insurance Company for eleven years. 

Merchants' Exchange. — See Chamber of Commerce. 

Meteorological data for 1882. — Highest barometer, 30.739, on 
Dec. 7; lowest barometer, 29.478, April 19; mean barometer for the 
year, 30.088; highest temperature, 95.5, June 25; minimum, i°, 
Dec. 8 ; mean yearly temperature, 56.9 ; thermometric range of tem- 
perature, 94.5. Total number of miles of wind during year, 49,626; 
greatest number miles during any month, 6,176 in March; least num- 
ber, 2,961 in October ; greatest hourly velocity of the wind, 29 miles 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 131 

from the west on Jul}- iS. Total amount of rainfall, 52.12 inches; 
greatest monthly rainfall, S.47, May; least, 1.57, November; greatest 
amount in any 24 consecutive hours, 2.54, on March 20; annual mean 
of cloudiness (in tenths), 5.77; greatest, 7.87, January; least, 4.30, 
October; annual mean relative humidity, 68.7; greatest, 74.2, Decem- 
ber ; least, 59.S, March. At the observations taken at 6.30 a.m., 
2.30 p.m., 10.30 p.m., the wind blew from the north 133 times, from 
the north-east 97 times, from the east 123 times, from south-east 166 
times, from south 136, from south-west 132, from west 139, from north- 
west 135; number of calms, 34. There were 8^ clear, 15S fair, and 
124 cloudy days; rain, other than sprinkles, fell on 152 days. High- 
est daily temperature below 32 on 8 days; lowest temperature below 
32 on 44 days ; highest temperature above 90 on 6 days (all in 
June). Highest stage of river, 58-7, on Feb. 21, which is the high- 
est since 1S47. On April 16 there was a very brilliant aurora bore- 
alis, and several others during the month; also one on Nov. 19. 
Last frost of spring, May 23 ; first frost of autumn, Oct. 20 ; last 
snow of spring, April 10; first snow of autumn, Nov. 18; number of 
thunder-storms, 41 ; number of auroras, 4. Solar and lunar halos 
were quite numerous. — B. B. Wat kins, Observe)-, Signal-Corps, 
U. S. A. 

Miami Canal. — See Canals. 

Miami Medical College, established in 1852, owns and occupies 
the building on Twelfth Street, nearly opposite the Cincinnati Hos- 
pital, where daily clinics are held during the college sessions. The 
faculty consists of seventeen well-known physicians, of which Dr. 
John A. Murphy is the dean, and Dr. W. H. Taylor the secretary. 
The college museum is one of the most extensive in the country. 
Two sessions are annually held. The preliminary term of the regu- 
lar winter course begins in September, and lasts one month, when 
the regular winter session begins, which lasts until March. The 
spring course of lectures begins in March, and ends in June. Fees 
for the entire course of lectures, $75; matriculation, demonstrator, 
and hospital tickets, $5 each; graduation, $25. Connected with the 
college is the Miami Medical College Dispensary, which is open to 
students. 

Miami Medical College Dispensary. — A noble charity, in the 
buildings of the Miami Medical College. Ail sick persons who 
apply are treated and furnished medicines free of charge. The morn- 



132 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

ing session, between eight and nine o'clock, is devoted to diseases of 
the eye and ear ; the afternoon, between three and four, to all other 
complaints. The dispensary is open all the year round. During the 
lecture-season, students of the college are admitted to the clinics, 
making it an important part of their medical education. The attend- 
ing physicians are the faculty of the college. The annual number 
of patients treated is nearly eight thousand. 

Miami Stock-yards, on Eggleston Avenue, Cleveland and Court 
Streets, are in complete order, with accommodations for ten thou- 
sand hogs, sheep, and cattle. The Little Miami and the Louisville 
Short-line Railroads enter the yards, and the Cincinnati and Eastern 
and the Miami-valley Narrow-gauge Railroads make their terminal 
points near these yards. The cattle-yards are covered, and every 
pen floored, and are provided with every convenience for watering 
and feeding. The yards occupy three acres, and were opened in 
1876. The company has a capital of $100,000. The president and 
treasurer is Benjamin Eggleston, and the superintendent is H. A. 
Bowman. The receipts for the year were over a hundred thousand 
hogs. 

Military. — See Army. 

Mill Creek has its source in Butler County, about thirty-five miles 
from its mouth. As it passes through the city, its waters are exceed- 
ingly filthy, having received the noxious discharges of paper-mills, 
starch-factories, breweries, and distilleries, for a distance of twelve 
miles. The Great-Liberty-street and McLean-avenue sewers add to 
its filthiness between Ernst Station and the Ohio. Until 1870 Mill 
Creek was the west corporation line of the city. The corporation 
line is now two miles west of the creek. The Mill-creek Bottoms 
are subject to annual overflow by back-water from the Ohio. As a 
consequence they are exceedingly fertile; and all available places not 
used for manufacturing purposes, stock-yards, and brick-kilns, are 
devoted to market-gardening. In the lowest grounds the clay deposit 
of the annual inundations is used for making brick. This deposit is 
very smooth, and in some places is made to a depth of four inches. 
It is removed when of the consistence of potter's clay, and needs 
but little manipulation to be pressed into bricks. 

Monuments. — The McCook Monument is in Washington Park, 
and was erected in 1876, in honor of Col. R. L. McCook, by the Ninth 
Ohio Regiment, which, during the late war, he commanded until he 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 133 

lost his life. The base, die, shaft, and capital are of Quincy granite ; 
and the bust is of heroic size, representing Col. McCook in uniform. 
The Woodward Monument is placed in the school-yard of Franklin 
Street, between Sycamore Street and Broadway. It consists of a 
bronze statue of William Woodward, representing him draped in 
a cloak, and standing on a granite pedestal. It was erected by the 
alumni of the Woodward college and high-school, of which Mr. 
Woodward was the founder and benefactor. 

Mount Auburn, formerly one of the most beautiful suburbs, but 
now the second precinct of the 2d ward, lies on the hill at the head 
of Main Street, and is easiest reached by the Mount Auburn Inclined- 
plane Railway. Avondale adjoins it on the north, the corporation 
line dividing them. It abounds with elegant private residences and 
public institutions. 

Mount Harrison. — The western highlands immediately north of 
Price's Hill. It was named Mount Harrison because this elevation 
was the home of ex-President Harrison, who, in the early history of 
the city, built a dwelling on the slope facing Cincinnati. The dwell- 
ing was an old landmark until removed in 1876. On one part of 
this elevation Chief-Justice Chase, during the early period of his 
residence in this city, erected a dwelling which yet stands. The 
locality has comparatively few improvements, but some of these are 
of the best character; and the whole district, with its delightful 
elevations, its graceful slopes and groves, is one of surpassing natural 
beauty. 

Mount Lookout is a subdivision of the 1st ward, about four miles 
direct from Fountain Square. It is one of the most attractive sub- 
urban districts in the city. The observatory of the University of 
Cincinnati is situated here. It also contains a large park, which is 
used for picnics, barbecues, etc. A steam dummy-railroad connects 
Mount Lookout with the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The distance 
by railroad is six miles. The car-fare is ten cents. 

Mount Washington is one of the north-eastern suburbs of Cin- 
cinnati, its residents chiefly business-men from the city. It is noted 
for its beautiful rolling private grounds, perfect drainage, and con- 
sequent good health ; also for its fine avenues of evergreens and 
deciduous trees, with probably the finest collection of hardy mag- 
nolias in the county. It has a town-hall, a fine graded public school, 
young ladies' seminary, and three churches. Five hundred feet above 



134 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

the Ohio-river level, the views are magnificent, reaching on some 
high points five miles each way river-ward. The Little Miami River 
flows at its base. Residences comfortable, and some very fine. 
Reached by Little Miami and Cincinnati, Georgetown, and Ports- 
mouth Railways. Incorporated, with mayor, council, marshal, board 
of health, etc. ; a thousand inhabitants, and a thick population of 
thousands around it, and depending on it for business purposes. 

Mozart Hall. — In the third story of the Catholic Institute, cor- 
ner of Vine and Longworth Streets. The Grand Opera-House is 
on the ground floor. The hall belongs to the institute, and is used 
for fairs, lectures, balls, church and other entertainments. It is quite 
accessible, being half a square north of Fountain Square. 

Museums. — Although there are no public museums, there are 
many collections belonging to individuals and societies, which, if 
brought together, would form a nucleus for a museum that from its 
beginning would take a good rank among the public museums of 
this country. There is, as has been stated under Art, a project to 
build a grand art-museum ; but it is quite probable that in the same 
building accommodations will be provided for various collections 
usually not classified under art-matters. The following list is only 
a part of the many collections in and around the cit3 r , and they 
can be seen by obtaining for* this purpose an introduction to the 
persons owning or having charge of them. — Art-Collections. See 
heading Art. Autographs and Manuscripts. — An exceedingly valu- 
able collection, by reason of its immense numbers, rare manuscripts, 
unique arrangement, and admirable classification, is owned by L. J. 
Cist, who has been engaged at this work for nearly forty-three years. 
Robert Clarke has a large collection of literary manuscripts, includ- 
ing some fine letters and poems of Robert Burns. The Historical 
and Philosophical Society and the libraries also have collections. 
Birds and Fishes. — See Cuvier Club, Natural History Society, and 
Zoological Society. Charles Dury of Avondale has an extensive 
collection of stuffed native birds. Books. — See Libraries. Coins. — 
The collection of Thomas Cleneay is said to be the most costly, 
most numerous, and most valuable in the United States. Joseph 
Tilton also has a large collection, on which considerable money and 
many years' time have been spent. Fossils. — The largest private 
collection in this country is that of Paul Mohr. The collection of 
C. B. Dyer is noteworthy for its variety, and that of S. A. Miller for 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 135 

its arrangement. A valuable collection was presented to the Univer- 
sity of Cincinnati by Robert Clarke. Indian Relics. — See Stone, 
etc., below. Insects, — A most beautiful collection of butterflies, 
moths, and beetles is the property of Charles Dury of Avondale, 
who has also a fine collection of other insects, and stuffed animals, 
birds, and fishes. V. T. Chambers of Covington is said to be one 
of the most scientific of American entomologists, and has a useful 
collection relating to entomology. Medical Museums can be seen at 
the various medical colleges and at the Cincinnati Hospital. Natu- 
ral History Specimens. — See Natural History Society, Cuvier Club, 
and Zoological Society. Paintings. — See Art. Shells. — A beautiful 
and varied collection owned by Professor A. G. Wetherby of Avon- 
dale. Statuary. — See Art, Mercantile Library, and St. Peter's Cathe- 
dral. Stone and Flint Implements, Ornaments, etc. — Two of the 
most valuable and largest private collections of this class in the 
West are owned in this city by Thomas Cleneay and H. H. Hill. 
Another collection belongs to Florien Giauque of Glendale. 

Musical Club, the. — Composed of leading local musicians, pro- 
fessional and amateur, and a number of gentlemen prominent as 
patrons of music. It was organized in 1876, and has about seventy- 
five members. The purpose of the club is the cultivation of classi- 
cal and modern chamber-music, and the promotion of good feeling 
and harmony among musicians. The club meets weekly in the 
rooms of the Literary Club. 

Musical Societies are almost innumerable, and it would be im- 
practicable to mention all of them. Those, however, that have a 
regular place of meeting, and hold regular meetings, may be noticed 
here: viz., Alert Singing Club, A. P. A. Mrmnerchor, Odd Fellows 1 
Mannerchor, Herwcgh (Polish) Mannerchor, Cincinnati Mannerchor, 
St. Cecilia Mannerchor, Germania Mannerchor, Schweizer Manner- 
chor, Cincinnati Music Club, the Orpheus, Druiden Sangerchor, 
Apollo Club, Harugari Mannerchor, Oneida Singing Club, Turner 
Mannerchor, and the College Choir. Most of these societies are 
noticed under their appropriate heads elsewhere. 

Music-hall and Exposition Building is one of the chief orna- 
ments of the city, and one in which the citizens have reason to take 
the greatest pride. It occupies most of the block bounded by Elm, 
Fourteenth, Plum, and Grant Streets," and faces Washington Park. 
The building is of brick, in the modernized Gothic style. The whole 



136 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

fronton Elm Street is 402 feet; 95 feet being given to each of the 
Exposition buildings, and 17S feet 4 inches to the Music Hall. The 
widest part of the building is 316 feet. The highest point is the pin- 
nacle of the front gable, — 150 feet above the sidewalk. The build- 
ings are so arranged that they can be used separately or together, 
and the upper stories so that they can be connected by bridges. In 
these buildings is the grand Music Hall, 112 feet wide and 192 feet 
long, having a stage 112 feet wide by 56 feet deep In the Music 
Hall there are 4,428 seats, and standing-room for 3,000 persons, 
beside which the stage will accommodate 1,500. In this hall is the 
great organ, described elsewhere. Over the vestibule is Dexter Hall, 
named in honor of Julius Dexter, the chairman of the building com- 
mittee. This hall is 112 by 46 feet, 30 feet high. The wings are 
known as the Exposition Buildings ; but they are used for various 
purposes when the exposition season is over, and part of them will 
probably be used by the Women's Art Museum Association. The 
whole cost of the building will be about $500,000; of which sum 
Reuben R. Springer has given $235,000, — and by reason of this 
munificence the building is often called Springer Music Hall, — and 
citizens have contributed the balance. The whole property is man- 
aged by the Music-hall Association referred to below. Horse-cars, — 
Elm-street line passes the building, and the Vine-street line within 
two squares. 

Music-hall Association, the Cincinnati, was organized in 
December, 1875, t0 build and control the Music Hall described 
above. Reuben R. Springer in May of that year had offered $125,000 
towards the building of a music-hall, provided the citizens would 
contribute an equal sum, and the city would permit the hall to be 
erected on public ground. These conditions were fulfilled, and the 
association organized as follows : The whole subscribers to the fund 
selected fifty of their number to form a joint-stock company, and to 
hold one share of stock of the par value of $20. A shareholder 
cannot sell his share to anybody not first approved by the trustees ; 
and at his death the share reverts to the association, to be at once 
put into the hands of a suitable person. The shareholders can hold 
only one share each; and they elect seven trustees, — one being 
elected every year to serve seven years. The Music Hall and the Ex- 
position Buildings which have since been added must be rented as 
low as will keep them in repair. No profit can be made, and no 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 137 

trustee is permitted to receive any compensation. The president of 
the association is Joseph Longworth, and the secretary J. F. Black- 
burn. 

Narrow-gauge Railroads. — Five narrow-gauge railroads enter 
Cincinnati. Cincinnati and Eastern cars start from the Little Miami 
Depot. College-hill Narrow-gauge begins at Winton Place, and runs 
through College Hill to Mount Pleasant. Passengers take cars at 
the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Depot. Westtvood Narrow- 
gauge begins at Ernst Station, where it has a depot ; but down-town 
passengers take the cars at the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton 
Depot, and change at Ernst. The road runs eight miles west to 
Westwood, or Cheviot. Cincinnati Northern, four hundred miles 
long, enters at Court and Broadway, connects with St. Louis, Toledo, 
and all points north and east. Cincinnati, Portsmouth, and George- 
town starts from Columbia ; passengers can reach depot either by 
horse-cars or Little Miami Railroad. 

National Banks. — See Banks. 

National Insurance Company of Cincinnati was chartered in 
1851. It has a cash capital of $100,000, and assets of $162,864. Its 
premium receipts up to 1879 have amounted to $1,311,118; its losses, 
to $831,309. The business includes fire, marine, and inland insur- 
ance. Ths office, which is probably the most neatly furnished of 
those of the local insurance companies, is at 69 West Third Street. 
Henry Urner, president. 

National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce was organized 
under the present name in 1879. I fc ^ s virtually a consolidation of 
the National Bank of Commerce, established in 1876, and the Lafay- 
ette Bank, established in 1832. The capital paid in is $400,000, and 
the deposits are over $2,000,000. The bank is situated at No. 20 West 
Third Street, and part of its rooms are occupied by the Safe Deposit 
Company. William A. Goodman is president, Henry Peachey vice- 
president, William J. Dunlap cashier, and Charles J. Stedman assist- 
ant cashier. The directors are John Shillito, A. D. Bullock, A. H. 
Andrews, R. A. Holden, S. H. Burton, H. Peachey, and William A. 
Goodman. 

National Theatre was the oldest and one of the largest theatres in 
the city. Many years it was the only theatre Cincinnati had, and on 
its boards have trod the greatest actors that ever visited this section. 
It was situated on the east side of Sycamore Street, between Third 



138 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

and Fourth, and its inconvenient location has caused its disuse for 
several years past. The building has lately been purchased by a 
tobacco firm, who propose to use it as a manufactory and storage 
warehouse. 

Natural History, the Cincinnati Society of, comprising about 
two hundred gentlemen of scientific attainments, has an endowment 
of $50,000. The museum of the society is filled with rare and inter- 
esting objects, fossils, skeletons, minerals, shells, and other natural- 
history and geological specimens. The building is owned by the 
society, and situated at No. 108 Broadway. It is open free to the 
public on Saturdays, between the hours of ten o'clock a.m. and four 
P.M. ; but strangers introduced by members can see the collections at 
other times. 

New-Jerusalem Church. — South-west corner of Fourth and 
John Streets. The church has recently been remodelled, and has 
some claims to architectural beauty. The religious principles enun- 
ciated by Emmanuel Swedenborg are taught. The congregation 
numbers about four hundred. The church has a fine library of the 
works of Swedenborg and other writers on the dogmas of the church, 
which is open to the public. 

Newport is south-east of Cincinnati, and connected with it by 
the Louisville Short-line Bridge across the Ohio, and is connected 
with Covington by a bridge across the Licking River. It is virtually 
a suburb of Cincinnati, although a city of Kentucky. The popula- 
tion is about twenty thousand. It is built on an elevated plain, 
commanding a fine view, and has numerous shade-trees. It is said 
to have an admirable water-works system, and excellent water. It is 
sought mainly by business-men of Cincinnati as a dwelling-place by 
reason of its pure air and pleasant surroundings. Horse-cars run to 
and from Newport to Fountain Square, fare ten cents. 

Newsboys' Home. — A branch of the Union Bethel, where 
homeless bootblacks and newsboys are furnished free lodgings, baths, 
and cheap meals; ten cents being the full price. 

Newspapers (daily). — The English morning papers of Cincin- 
nati are the " Commercial Gazette," " Enquirer," " News," and 
"Journal." "The Gazette" was established in 1793, and was the 
first newspaper published in the North-west Territory. A bound 
volume of "The Centinel," as the forerunner of "The Gazette " was 
named, for the year 1793, * s m possession of the Historical and 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 141 

Philosophical Society. Richard Smith is the chief editor. " The 
Commercial " was established in 1842, and has been a very success- 
ful paper. It is independent in its political views, but generally sup- 
ports the Republican candidates. The principal editor and owner 
of " The Commercial " is Murat Halstead. Having in view the 
advancement of public polity and private interests, "The Gazette" 
and "Commercial" were on Jan. 1, 1883, consolidated under one 
management, and published as " The Commercial Gazette." The 
result of this movement has been a morning journal which stands 
without a peer in the West in all the elements that combine to pro- 
duce a great newspaper. Its editorial corps embraces some of the 
most talented writers in the West, while its news department is un- 
surpassed in the collecting and arranging of the daily happenings of 
the world at large. Succeeding to the combined circulations of both 
" Commercial " and " Gazette," its list of subscribers is very large. 
Office, north-east corner of Fourth and Race Streets. "The En- 
quirer " has been in existence about forty years, and is a Democratic 
newspaper. It has made a great advance in popularity and influence 
by reason of its enterprise in gathering news from all parts of the 
world. " The Enquirer " publishes a weekly paper, having a large 
circulation. Office, 247 Vine Street. The chief editor is John R. 
McLean, who is also the proprietor. " The Morning Journal " is the 
outgrowth of the consolidation of "The Commercial" and "Ga- 
zette," and as such succeeds to the franchise of the Associated Press 
possessed by " The Gazette." It is Republican in politics, and was 
first published Jan. 7, 1883. It sells for one cent a copy. Being the 
only cheap paper in Cincinnati admitted to the Associated Press, it 
reaps all the benefits to be derived from so advantageous position. 
" The News " is a two-cent paper, Democratic in politics, estab- 
lished Dec. 1, 1882. Though not permitted to use the Associated- 
Press despatches, its facilities are such that it succeeds in getting 
the latest news, and gives promise of becoming a powerful organ of 
the Democracy of the West. The evening English dailies are " The 
Times Star " and " The Penny Post." " The Times Star " is an eight- 
page quarto sheet of forty-eight columns. It is printed from stereo- 
type-plates, on the fast Bullock perfecting-press. It prints four 
editions daily ; is independent in politics. Lewis A. Leonard, editor 
and business manager. The German dailies are the " Volksblatt," 
" Volksfreund," " Freie Presse," and " Abend Post." The " Volks- 



142 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

blatt " has the largest circulation, and is independent in politics. It 
has improved machinery, and is printed from stereotype plates. It is 
owned by a joint-stock company. Frederick Hassaurek is the chief 
editor. Office, 269 Vine Street, between Sixth and Seventh. The 
" Volksfreund " is the German Democratic organ. It was established 
in 1850, and is owned and edited by Henry Haacke. The circulation 
of the daily, weekly, and Sunday editions is large. The office is 209 
Vine Street. The " Freie Presse," daily and weekly, is a Republican 
paper of good circulation and considerable merit. It is the rival of 
the "Volksblatt" among German Republicans, and its influence is 
increasing. It is published at the north-east corner of Vine and 
Canal Streets. The " Freie Presse " also publishes an evening edi- 
tion, called the"Tagliche Abend Presse." The "Abend Post" is 
an evening daily, Republican in politics, published at No. 342 Main 
Street, by Jeup & Raberg. It has been established about six years. 
Of the above dailies, the " Commercial Gazette," " Enquirer," " Morn- 
ing Journal," "Times Star," "Volksblatt," and "Volksfreund" are 
members of the Associated Press, and use the despatches furnished 
by that organization. The " Times Star," " Freie Presse," and 
" Abend Post " use the National Associated Press despatches, which 
are furjiished by the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company. " The 
Cincinnati Law Bulletin" is a small daily devoted to the needs of the 
legal profession. It is published at No. 17 West Eighth Street. 

Newspapers and Periodicals published in Cincinnati, according 
to the City Directory for 1882, exclusive of the dailies mentioned 
elsewhere, are as follows: 37 English weeklies, 12 German weeklies, 
1 semi-weekly, 57 monthlies, 10 semi-monthlies, and 10 quarterlies. 
They are devoted to almost every conceivable interest, and are of all 
sizes and at all prices. Newspapers and periodicals can be obtained 
of J. R. Hawley, 164 Vine Street ; Perry & Morton, 162 Vine 
Street; Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue; and the Cincinnati 
News Company, 181 Race Street. 

Nourse, Miss Clara E. — For nineteen years Miss Nourse's 
family and day school has been recognized as one of the worthy 
educational institutions of Cincinnati. In 1879 i ts location was 
removed to 166 West Seventh Street, where it occupies the " Coch- 
nower House," one of the finest residences in the central portion 
of the city. The school comprises an English department and a 
French department. It is conducted by Miss Nourse, assisted by 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 143 

fourteen competent teachers. The boarding-pupils are received into 
the family residence of Miss Nourse on Park Avenue, Walnut Hills, 
and are conveyed to and from the school in a private omnibus. Part 
of the first floor of the school-building is occupied by Miss Good- 
man's kindergarten. 

Observatory, the Cincinnati, is situated on a four-acre lot on 
Mount Lookout, and is now a department of the University of Cin- 
cinnati. Here is placed the celebrated Mitchel telescope, one of the 
most perfect instruments in the world. The focal length is 16 feet; 
and the diameter of the object-glass is 11 inches, having magnifying 
powers varying from 100 to 1,400 times. A regular course of instruc- 
tion in mathematics and astronomy is given, with practical applica- 
tions of the principles studied. H. T. Eddy is the professor of 
astronomy and mathematics, and Ormond Stone the resident astron- 
omer. The observatory may be reached by private conveyance, or 
by the Elm-street line of horse-cars connecting with the Mount Look- 
out steam dummy. (See Astronomical Society.) 

Obstetrical Society, the Cincinnati, composed of prominent 
obstetricians, holds monthly meetings at the homes of members. 
The society is limited to twenty members. Dr. J. W. Underhill is 
president. 

Odd Fellows, Independent Order of. — There are 32 lodges of 
this order in this city, composed of some 6,000 members. They have 
a revenue of over S6o,ooo, and assets invested in government bonds 
and other property amounting to over $300,000. The beautiful Odd 
Fellows' Temple, on the corner of Fourth and Home Streets, cost 
over $90,000, besides which the order has in different parts of the 
city 14 lodge-rooms fitted up and furnished in handsome and appro- 
priate style. Ohio Lodge No. 1, instituted in 1830, was the first 
lodge west of Pittsburg, and is the parent lodge in the State of Ohio, 
in which there are 647 lodges, and over 46,000 members. In addi- 
tion to the lodges, there are 15 encampments, having over 1,600 mem- 
bers, with investments valued at over $50,000. The 32 lodges are : 
Ohio, 1; Washington, 2 ; Cincinnati, 3; Franklin, 4; William Penn, 
56; Magnolia, 83; Eagle, 100; Fidelity, 71; Fulton, 112; Germania, 
113; Metropolitan, 142 ; Woodward, 149; Mohawk, 150; American, 
170; Palmetto, 175; Crystal Fount, 176; Tcutonia, 177; Vulcan, 178; 
Hermann, 208; Queen City, 229; Mill-creek, 249: Humboldt, 274; 
Xorth-western, 296; William Tell, 335; Losanteville, 336; Spencer, 



144 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

347; Eclipse, 348; Nathan Stewart, 388; Kirkup, 401; Globe, 470; 
Moltke, 473; Fairmount, 480. The 15 encampments are : Wildey, 1 ; 
Washington, 9; Cincinnati, 22; Mahketewah, 32; Schiller, 42; Phila- 
delphon, 53; Hermann, 66; Charter Oak, 77 ; Anderson, 85 ; William 
Tell, 109; Walnut Hills, 117; Covenant, 124; Mozart, 161; Ohio, 
178; Pioneer, 2,7- In addition to the halls at Fourth and Home 
Streets, the 14 lodge-rooms are : Eagle Hall, south-west corner Eighth 
Street and Central Avenue; William Penn Hall, north-east corner 
Eighth Street and Central Avenue ; Globe Hall, Ninth Street and 
Central Avenue ; Magnolia Hall, Sixth and Walnut ; Queen-city 
Hall, Eighth and Freeman Streets; Vulcan Hall, Martin Street; 
Fulton Hall, Eastern Avenue ; Spencer Hall, Eastern Avenue ; Ger- 
mania Hall, Court Street; Kirkup Hall, corner Curtis and Gilbert 
Avenue ; Moltke Hall, Freeman Street ; Mill-creek Hall, Cummins- 
ville; Nathan Stewart Hall, 21st Ward; Fidelity Hall, Clinton and 
Cutter Streets. 

Ohio, one of the five States into which the North-west Territory 
was divided, and of which Cincinnati is the metropolis, contains 
39,964 square miles, and in 1870 had a population of 2,665,260 per- 
sons. The first permanent settlement was made near the mouth of 
the Muskingum River by a party of 47 persons, mostly New-Eng- 
landers, under the leadership of Gen. Rufus Putnam, son of Israel 
Putnam of Revolutionary fame. They started on their long journey 
in the autumn of 1787, and reached their destination in the spring 
of the following year. The little town was named Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette, the unfortunate wife of Louis XVI. From this 
time the immigration, chiefly from the New-England States, was so 
constant, that in 1802 Ohio was admitted to the Union. Ohio is 210 
miles from north to south, 200 miles from east to west, has a navi- 
gable frontier on the south, through the windings of the Ohio River, 
of 430 miles, has a lake shore on the north of 200 miles, and in 1875 
ranked as the third State in population, wealth, and power. The 
word Ohio, which is of Indian origin, is said to mean "beautiful." 
It is also said to mean "bloody" and "white." The State is univer- 
sally known as the Buckeye State. 

Ohio College of Dental Surgery. — Established in 1845. The 
building is on the west side of College Street, between Sixth and 
Seventh Streets. The regular session each year commences in Octo- 
ber, and ends in March. Fees: lectures, $75; matriculation, $5; 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 14 7 

demonstrator of anatomy, $5 ; graduation, $20. A spring session is 
also held, for which the fees are $30 additional. The branches taught 
are clinical dentistry, mechanical dentistry, anatomy, physiology, his- 
tology, pathology, therapeutics, chemistry, microscopy, operative den- 
tistry, and hygiene. H. A. Smith is dean. 

Ohio Mechanics' Institute. — On the south-west corner of Sixth 
and Vine Streets. The Institute was incorporated in 1829. From 
a small beginning, it encountered many drawbacks and difficulties 
from debt ; but is now, and has been for years, on a solid foundation, 
owning the valuable building devoted to its uses. A large portion 
of the immense library it once possessed has been transferred to the 
Public Library. Five managers of the Industrial Exposition are 
chosen from the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. Besides the rooms de- 
voted to the uses of the Institute in their large building, there is a 
public hall, known as Greenwood Hall, occupying the entire third 
story. The ground-floor is rented for business purposes. The struc- 
ture is of Gothic architecture, ninety by seventy-five feet, and one 
hundred feet high. It is an ornament to the city. 

Ohio Medical College Dispensary, one of the great charities of 
the city, is located in the building of the Medical College of Ohio. 
All sick persons who apply are supplied with medicines, and treated 
free of charge. An hour or more is devoted each day to this great 
humane work by the faculty of the college. From six thousand to 
eight thousand patients are treated annually. During the lecture- 
season students of the college are admitted to the clinic, but the 
dispensary is open every day during the year. 

Ohio River, upon the banks of which Cincinnati is situated, is 
one of the most important rivers of the United States, and is formed 
by the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers at 
Pittsburg, Penn., whence it flows in a south-westerly direction, divid- 
ing Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the right, from Virginia and Ken- 
tucky on the left. Its entire length is 950 miles, and it enters the 
Mississippi River 1,216 miles from the mouth of the latter river. 
Its most important tributaries are the Wabash, Cumberland, Muskin- 
gum, Kanawha, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Its medium breadth is 
1,800 feet, and opposite Cincinnati its elevation above the level of 
the sea is 414 feet. The navigable waters of the Ohio and its tribu- 
taries are estimated at 5,000 miles ; and the extent of area drained, at 
200,000 square miles. 



148 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Old Men's Home. — A. M. Taylor of New Jersey left $10,000 
for a home for aged and indigent men, provided $50,000 more should 
be raised for the same purpose. To secure this, an organization was 
effected, and a canvass for subscriptions begun and carried through 
successfully, the work being done almost wholly by Edward Sargent. 
In 1879 an arrangement was made with the trustees of the Widows' 
Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women to erect a build- 
ing supplying the needs of both institutions. (See Widows' and Old 
Men's Home.) The trustees are John Shillito, Anthony H. H inkle, 
and Edward Sargent. 

Old Streets, Boundaries, and Incidents. — In the winter of 
1831-32 a flood submerged the whole lower level of the city. Water 
rose to the second stories of the highest houses on Front Street. 
Steamboats passed through Second (at that time Columbia) Street. 
A large number of the original citizens lived near the river; and it 
was not until the " miserable Yankees " came, and made a fuss about 
fever and ague, ',' and such aboriginal invigorators," that people who 
were " anybody " lived on the hill, — say Fourth Street. Front Street, 
from Walnut west to Elm, was lined by beautiful homes. The wharf 
was the meeting-place, especially Sunday morning. There the best 
townsmen exchanged the news; took a quiet "nip" at the "Orleans 
Coffee-house," situated just east of Main Street on the Public 
Wharf, and surrounded by a large open garden; and thence went 
to church. Joseph Darr, the proprietor of the coffee-house, just 
deceased, lived in and owned the large mansion south-east corner 
Seventh and Race. The chief business-streets were Main and 
Lower Market, now East Pearl. Pearl Street was opened in 1832; 
and at what is now its intersection with Main, stood a large tavern, 
with a large wagon-yard into which teamsters drove. This tavern 
was bought from Daniel Home by merchants, who built a row of 
four-story brick stores, thought at the time to be the finest in 
America, some of which are still standing on the north side of 
the street. The projectors of this first great commercial enterprise 
were Goodman & Emerson, Carlisle & White, J. D. & C. Jones, 
C. & J. Bates, Foote & Bowler, Blachly & Simpson, Reeves & 
McLean, David Griffin, and John R. Coram. Pearl Street, west of 
Walnut, was opened in 1844. Fifth Street, except from Main to 
Vine, was occupied by cheap residences ; and a wooden market- 
house filled the space now occupied by the Esplanade. About 1833 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 149 

Broadway and East Fourth began to be pretentious as desirable resi- 
dence streets. Prior to 1841 Fourth Street west of Walnut, as far 
as Plum, was a beautiful street. In 1841 improvements were made 
west of Plum, and gradually reached the "fence" which ended the 
street at what is now Wood Street. In 1832 Columbia (now Second) 
Street was merely a dirty creek, crossed by wooden bridges at all 
intersections west of Walnut. No business of importance was done 
west of Main. The wharfage was between Main and Broadway; and 
even as late as 1846 the Wharf-space was a great mud-hole, sprinkled 
with coarse gravel. All transportation was done by river, by canal, 
or by country wagons. As late as 1S42 the Little Miami Railroad 
opened the State of Ohio, and about 1848 the Madison and Indian- 
apolis Railroad the State of Indiana. In 1840 streets beyond the 
canal were simply unmacadamized roadways. Central Avenue was 
then Western Row, which north of Court Street ran through pas- 
tures. Nearly every family kept a cow ; and the cows were driven 
to the pastures in the morning, and were turned loose to wander 
home at night to be milked in the alleys and side-yards. The great 
characteristics of a city were not to be seen in Cincinnati until about 
1S48, when a " hog-law " drove those " first scavengers " from the 
streets. Ash-piles were condemned, and the city supplied with water 
and gas. Most of the houses were cheaply built, and but few men 
kept carriages. There were only a few schools worthy of note. The 
merchants often entertained customers at their homes, and the gen- 
eral habits of pioneer simplicity prevailed. Turnpikes from the city 
were built between 1834 and 1840, and many of the citizens of to-day 
remember the mud-roads to Walnut Hills. Prior to 1840, Clifton was 
unknown. Cumminsville, now the 25th ward, and Camp Washing- 
ton, now the 24th ward, were all farms. The " sports " gathered at 
a mile race-track, south of the old Brighton House, where the John- 
street horse-car stables are. The principal drives were up the river- 
bank to "Corbin's," or down to old Joe Harrison's place. Only 
occasional pleasure-parties ascended the hills, and then chiefly to- 
wards Cleves. The "down-river" road found all the fast horses, and 
Joe Harrison gave them good cheer. A few elegant homes, some 
yet in good condition, lined the hill-side of the road which was 
approached by Front Street, and by a road, the Sixth Street of the 
present time. West of Western Row ; Sixth Street was not improved 
much earlier than 1840. A great orchard stood on a high bank west 



15° Picturesque Cincinnati. 

of Park Street; milk yards and brick-kilns generally occupied that 
locality. The pioneers of wealth in that street were Abraham M 
Taylor (who recently gave $10,000 towards the Old Men's Home), 
James Taylor, William Neff, J P Tweed, Ambrose Dudley, Pollock 
Wilson, 11 W. Derby, and others. The great Barr Estate was north 
of Sixth Street, and was subdivided after 1843, anc ^ trie Hunt or 
Pendleton Estate at the head of Broadway about 1846. In that 
neighborhood few houses were seen. The pork-houses were on 
Sycamore and Canal Streets; the wholesale dry-goods houses, on 
Pearl and Main Streets ; and the large grocery-houses, on Main, 
Front, and Pearl Streets. Such is a faint outline of what the great 
city of Cincinnati was only forty years ago — From Notes of George 
W. Jones. 

Opera-Houses. — See Amusements 

Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, connected with the Pulte 
Medical College, is devoted to the homoeopathic treatment of dis- 
eases of the eye and ear. The poor are treated free of charge. 

Orangemen. — There are about eighty active Orangemen in the 
city. They constitute the True 'Blue Lodge, which meets semi- 
monthly at Odd-Fellows' Hall, north-east corner of Fourth and Home 
Streets. 

Organ, the Great, in Music Hall, is one of the largest and finest 
in the world. It was built in Boston, but the artistic screen of wild 
cherry was designed and carved by residents of Cincinnati. It is 60 
feet high, 50 feet front, 30 feet deep. It has 96 registers, 6,237 pipes, 
32 bells, 14 pedal-movements, and 4 keyboards of 61 notes each. 
Its cash cost was $32,000. A description, with illustrations, in pam- 
phlet form, edited by George Ward Nichols, is for sale by the 
superintendent of the hall, price ten cents. The organ can be visited 
week-days from four to 6 p.m. An organ concert, by George E. 
Whiting, takes place Wednesday and Saturday afternoons at half- 
past two o'clock; admission, 25 cents. 

Orphan Asylum, the Cincinnati, the oldest charity of the kind 
in the West, was chartered in 1833. It is situated at Mount Auburn, 
and is conducted by ladies, but its finances are managed by gentle- 
men. The institution is Protestant, but not sectarian, and is sup- 
ported by an endowment-fund, subscriptions, and contributions. The 
policy of the management differs somewhat from that of other 
orphan-asylums, in that it aims to secure greater chances of useful- 



Picturesque Cinicnnati. 151 

ness and respectability to the children, by keeping them in the insti- 
tution longer than they are usually kept, and by giving them the 
benefits of a common-school education. A kindergarten, which had 
thirty children last year, is attached to the institution; and the older 
children attend regularly the public school on Mount Auburn, the 
average number of the latter being seventy. Between school-hours 
and during vacation, the children are trained in domestic work. 
About seventeen thousand children have been cared for by this 
institution since its organization. Mrs. A. D. Bullock is president, 
Mrs. George Fox recording secretary. 

Orphan Asylums. — See Boys' Protectory, Children's Home, 
Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, German Prot- 
estant Orphan Asylum, Newsboys' Home, St. Aloysius' Orphan 
Asylum, St. Peter's and St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum,- — all noticed 
in their alphabetical places. 

Orpheus, the Cincinnati. — A musical association having about 
a hundred members of both sexes. Weekly practice-meetings are 
held in the hall of the German Mutual Insurance Company's build- 
ing, at the south-west corner of Twelfth and Walnut Streets. 

Out-door Poor. — So called because they cannot be admitted to 
the Infirmary. They are widows with families, and men out of work, 
whose families would suffer if not relieved by the city authorities. 
They are supplied with a limited amount of provisions and coal, on 
certificates issued by the sanitary police detailed for the purpose. 
The city is divided into twelve poor-districts. Provisions arc issued 
from the Infirmary office, on Plum Street, between Seventh and 
Eighth Streets. 

Overseers of the Poor. — Formerly the "out-door poor" had 
their wants attended to by a board of twenty-five overseers, one 
from each ward, at a salary of $600 each per annum. These over- 
seers have been discontinued, and their duty devolved upon the 
sanitary police. 

" Over-the-Rhine " is a name designating the district lying in 
the angle formed by the "elbow" of the canal, east of Plum Street, 
north of Canal or Eleventh Street, and south of the northern circle 
of hills. It contains part of the 9th, the 7th, 10th, nth, and 13th 
wards. It is the most densely populated portion of the city, and is 
inhabited by about twenty-five thousand persons, almost exclusively 
Germans, and Americans of German, descent. Music Hall is situ- 



152 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

atecl in this district. Innumerable variety-shows, beer-gardens, and 
other places of amusement and recreation, are in its precincts. It 
is a famous place of resort at all times, but especially on Sunday, for 
those who love excitement and beer. There is no sabbath " Over- 
the-Rhine." Nearly all the business-houses are kept open seven days 
in the week, and many saloons all night. 

Painters. — A. W. Corwine, a miniature-painter, was, about 1820, 
the first artist of ability whose name occurs in the annals of Cincin- 
nati ; a few years afterward came Thomas Dawson ; and about twenty 
years ago William Miller was a miniature-painter, well remembered 
by many of the present generation of Cincinnatians. A. Hervieu, 
who accompanied Fanny Wright on her second journey to this 
country, became a resident of the city, and was probably the first 
historical and landscape painter in the West. One of his large 
paintings was "The Landing of Lafayette in Cincinnati in 1825." 
All traces of this painting have been lost, but it is believed to have 
been taken to Europe. Hervieu was employed by Mrs. Frances 
Trollope; and only a few years ago his decorations could yet be seen 
on the panels of the doors of her country-house now standing on the 
south-west corner of McMicken Avenue and Dunlap Street. In the 
early part of the decade of 1830-40, James H. Beard began painting 
portraits, and tried various branches of art, until in 1846 he moved 
to New York; but since that time he has resided for short periods 
in this city, where Frank Beard, his son, did his first work. Miner 
K. Kellogg, and William II. Powell, the painter of " De Soto discov- 
ering the Mississippi River," were local contemporaries of Beard. 
E. Hall Martin, a native of this city, painted portraits and genre 
subjects. Thomas Buchanan Read, painter and poet, was one of the 
Cincinnati artists of forty years ago; his first attempts being in 1839, 
in sculpture. Somewhat later than Read, W. L. Sonntag, and W. 
W. Whittredge, known as Worthington Whittredge, made in Cin- 
cinnati their first efforts at landscape-painting, and were prominent 
among the local artists until the decade of 1850-60. Joseph O. 
Eaton about the same time was the painter of many excellent por- 
traits and other works; but, after spending some years here, he 
moved to New York. John R. Johnson, born in Cincinnati, was 
also a contemporary, but remained to a later period until his re- 
moval to Baltimore. C. T. Webber, another of the same group, is 
still a resident of this city, where he has practised his profession for 



Picturesque Cincinnati. J 53 

thirty years. His portrait of Gov. Charles Anderson is a noted 
specimen of great skill. Edwin C. Cridland, a pupil of Beard, began 
here about 1850. John R. Tait, a native of this city, has spent most 
of his time in Europe, and, after short periods of residence in Cin- 
cinnati, has become a resident of Baltimore. Mrs. Lily Martin 
Spencer was a well-known painter from 1S50 to i860. About the 
same period there were R. S. Duncanson, " a man of color as well as 
a colorisi," who was a landscape-painter, having a high imaginative 
power; Charles R. Soule, the portrait-painter; and A. H. Wyant, 
who began about 1858. J. E. F. Hillen, an unrivalled sketcher of 
trees and foliage, and Fabronius, an equal master of heads, have a 
place in the record of artists in this city about i860; and G. Rossi, 
an Italian, was one of their contemporaries. Thomas C. Lindsay, 
a prolific landscape-artist, has pursued his industrious career in Cin- 
cinnati for at least twenty years. Henry W. Kemper, a landscape- 
painter, lately returned after an absence of fifteen years, was born 
here ; and Dwight Benton, now a resident of Rome, dates his career 
as a landscape-artist from the time of his residence in this city, about 
1865. George Sharpies, artist and cotton-merchant, was devoted to 
landscape-painting for a few years in the present decade. John 
Aubrey has been engaged in painting portraits for the past twenty 
years. About 1S60 Theo. Jones was a noted local caricaturist ; and 
William P. Noble, born here, was devoted to the same work, as well 
as to painting in water-colors. William Winter, 1860-70, merits 
special mention for prominence in water-color portraits. E. D. Graf- 
ton, now so well known, has for many years been a painter in water- 
colors and an unrivalled arabesque artist. A majority of the later 
artists were educated at Munich. Franz Duveneck has acquired 
fame ; and his works have been highly appreciated, especially in 
Boston. Henry Mosler has the honor of having some of his works 
admitted into the Paris Salon ; and one of them was bought by the 
French Government for the Luxembourg Gallery. John Twachtmann 
has left here, and gone to New York, where he has met with much 
success. Henry F. Farny is a resident artist, of varied talent. J. II. 
Decamp is now a student at Munich; and Frank Strobridge, affer a 
short life full of promise, died in 1879. Vi the "Spanish-Roman 
Set," Alfred Brennan and Robert Blum are in New York; and 
Kenyon Cox is studying in Paris. Thomas S. Noble was a pupil 
of Couture, and is the painter of many works of merit. Among the 



154 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

many artists who have been here for brief periods were Eastman 
Johnson, F. C. Welch, William M. Chase, Victor Nehlig, John 
Mulvany, Ira C. Dennis, and E, F. Andrews. 

Paris of America is a name really given to this city by " The 
Cincinnati Commercial." One Monday morning in the early part 
of 1878, in " The Commercial's " local columns, edited at that time 
by Edwin Henderson, appeared a long report of the varied and nu- 
merous amusements taking place on the Sunday preceding; and at 
the head of the report was the line "The Paris of America," — a 
phrase eminently suggestive of Sunday revelry, and which at once 
became popular. Newspapers, railroads, shows, and advertisers have 
used it so much as an attractive catch-line, that it has become a gen- 
erally recognized name for Cincinnati. The term has been occasion- 
ally applied to Cincinnati for more than ten years, and originated 
from an address by Judge George Hoadly, when he prophesied that 
Cincinnati would be "a city fair to the sight, with a healthy public 
spirit, and high intelligence, sound to the core ; a city with pure 
water to drink, pure air to breathe, spacious public grounds, wide 
avenues; a city not merely of much traffic, but of delightful homes; 
a city of manufactures, wherein is made every product of art, — the 
needle-gun, the steam-engine, the man of learning, the woman of 
accomplishments; a city of resort for the money-profits of its deal- 
ings, and the mental and spiritual profit of its culture, — the Edin- 
boro' of a new Scotland, the Boston of a new New England, the 
Paris of a new France." Shortly afterwards the phrase, " Paris of 
America," was applied to Cincinnati; and in "The Queen City," a 
history and guide of the city in 1869, George E. Stevens says, " It 
has been no idle fancy that has styled Cincinnati the ' Paris of 
America.' " 

Parks. — There are nine public parks in the city limits : viz., Eden 
Park, Burnet-woods Park, Lincoln Park, Washington Park, Hopkins 
Park, Mount Lookout Park, Eighth-street Park, City Park, and 
Water-works Park; all of which are described in> their alphabetical 
places. 

Pendleton. — That portion of the city lying on the river-front, at 
the base of the hills, south-east of Walnut Hills, and east of Fulton, 
extending to Sportsman's Hall, three miles and a half from Fountain 
Square. It constitutes a portion of the 1st ward. At its eastern 
limit are the depots of the Columbia and Mount Lookout steam 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 155 

dummy railroad. The Elm-street line of horse-cars connect with the 
dummy. The Little Miami Railroad also has a station here. 

Pharmaceutical Examining Board consists of three members, 
appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. They are chosen from 
ten pharmacists nominated by the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. 
The province of -the board is to examine applicants in chemistry, 
materia medica, and pharmacy, so as to determine their qualifications 
as retail druggists and dispensing pharmacists. The board grants 
two certificates, — a first-grade certificate authorizing the holder to 
register before this board and conduct a retail drug-business ; and a 
second-grade certificate, making the holder a " qualified assistant 
pharmacist." Holders of first-grade certificates, and graduates of 
recognized colleges of pharmacy, are registered; and by a law en- 
acted in 1873, an d amended in 1875, all persons in the retail drug- 
business must be registered. The examining-board holds session 
bi-monthly, in February, April, June, August, October, and De- 
cember. 

Philosophical Society. — See Historical and Philosophical So- 
ciety of Ohio. 

Phoenix Club. — The largest and most fashionable of the Israelite 
clubs. It occupies a fine building on the north-east corner of Court 
Street and Central Avenue, to which the club removed when its for- 
mer club-house on Walnut Street was torn down to make room for 
the new government buildings now being erected. The present 
building was remodelled in 1874, at a cost of $60,000. It contains, 
besides a large hall for balls and parties, 12 large social rooms, a 
restaurant, supper-room, billiard-rooms, library-room, and reading- 
room, the whole elegantly furnished. There are 240 members. An- 
nual subscription, S60. 

Physicians, Surgeons, and Dentists. — It often occurs that a 
stranger in a city has need of medical or surgical aid, and is timid 
about asking the advice of an acquaintance, or wants confidence in 
intrusting himself to practitioners unknown to him. For this reason 
the publishers have given below the names of some practitioners who 
rank unquestionably among the most highly esteemed, the mcst suc- 
cessful, and the most trustworthy persons of their profession ; and 
the publishers wish to state very clearly that no personal or pecun- 
iary considerations whatever, directly or indirectly, have influenced 
them in the selection of the names given. The men have already 



156 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

established their reputations by long residence and success, or by 
being intrusted with professorships at medical colleges and respon- 
sible appointments at hospitals. It is necessary to add that the list 
is only a small part of the large number of eminently respectable and 
able physicians, surgeons, and dentists, and that there are many prac- 
titioners in this city, whose names are not given for want of space, 
who, in the judgment of the ablest experts, rank equal in every par- 
ticular to those whose names are found below. It is also necessary 
to warn a stranger, likely to be influenced by advertisements, to keep 
away from the doctors who advertise. For a person once getting 
into the hands of a quack — and quacks are numerous among the 
great advertisers in a profession — will very likely pay dearly for 
his experience. A person afflicted in any manner whatsoever can 
always safely intrust himself to the care of a regular practitioner in 
first-class standing ; and to aid in finding such practitioners this list 
can be relied on. 

General Surgeons. — W. W. Dawson, professor of surgery and 
dean at the Medical College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Good 
Samaritan Hospital ; office, north-west corner Third and Broadway. 
P. S. Conner, professor of anatomy and surgery at the Medical 
College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 159 
West Ninth Street. C. S. Muscroft, sen., surgeon at the Cincinnati 
Hospital and the St. Mary's Hospital ; office, 335 John. N. Pendle- 
ton Dandridge, pathologist at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 57 East 
Fourth Street. 

General Practitioners. — William Carson, physician at the Cincin- 
nati Hospital ; office, 53 East Fourth. C. G. Comegys, physician at 
the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 163 Elm. James T. Whittaker, pro- 
fessor of medicine at the Medical College of Ohio, and physician at 
the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 100 West Eighth. Joshua W. 
Underhill, professor of Materia Medica and therapeutics at the Cin- 
cinnati College of Medicine and Surgery; office, 434 John Street. 
John A. Murphy, professor of medicine and dean of Miami Medical 
College, and physician at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 163 West 
Seventh. Willian Clendenin, professor of anatomy at the Miami 
Medical College, and formerly the health-officer of Cincinnati; office, 
136 West Seventh. 

Gynecologists and Obstetricians. — Thaddeus A. Reamy, professor 
of obstetrics and diseases of children at Medical College of Ohio, 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 157 

and gynaecologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 278 West 
Fourth Street. William H. Taylor, professor of obstetrics at the 
Miami Medical College, and obstetrician at the Cincinnati Hospital ; 
office, 329 West Seventh Street. C. D. Palmer, professor of diseases 
of women and gynaecology at the Medical College of Ohio ; office, 
south-east corner Baymiller and Findlay. 

Aurists and Oculists. — Elkanah Williams, one of the most cele- 
brated oculists in America, and professor of ophthalmology at the 
Miami Medical College ; office, 64 West Seventh. W. W. Seely, 
professor of diseases of the eye and ear at the Medical College of 
Ohio, and ophthalmologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 
south-east corner of Fourth and Broadway. Joseph Aub, professor 
of diseases of the eye and ear at the Cincinnati College of Medicine 
and Surgery, and oculist at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 84 West- 
Seventh. 

Homceopathists. — T. C. Bradford, who has practised homoeopathy 
in this city for more than twenty years ; office, 215 Race. J. D. Buck, 
professor of physiology and microscopy at the Pulte Medical Col- 
lege ; office, 305 Race. S. R. Beckwith, a teacher of homoeopathy 
for more consecutive years than any person in this country, and for 
several years professor of surgery at the Pulte Medical College, and 
Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital College; office, 161 West Seventh 
Street. 

Eclectic Practitioner. — A. J. Howe, professor of surgery at the 
Eclectic Medical Institute ; office, north-west corner Fourth and 
Main. 

Dentists. — Jonathan Taft, author of several works on dentistry, 
and for many years dean of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and 
now professor of dentistry and clean of the dental college connected 
with the University of Michigan; office, 117 West Fourth Street. 
James Taylor, professor of dentistry at the Ohio College of Dental 
Surgery; office, 171 Elm Street. L. P. Meredith, a dentist of long 
experience and extensive practice, and author of several works on 
dentistry; office, 197 West Fourth Street. D. W. Clancey, clinical 
instructor at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, north-east corner 
Seventh and John Streets. 

Specialist in Diseases of the Throat. — Bernard Tauber, professor 
of acoustics and anatomy of the ear and larynx at the College of 
Music; office, 157 West Ninth Street 






THE STOCK IN THIS DEPARTMENT EMBRACES COMPLETE LINES OF 

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IN ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES. 
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ALSO, IN THIS DEPARTMENT, 
IN LARGE VARIETY. 

The great variety and range of goods classed under the head of Notions renders 
any thing like a complete list impossible. 

Full assortments of staple notions constantly on hand, and all the novelties added as 
fast as they appear. 



•58 , 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 159 

Physio-Medical Institute. — Located on the north-west corner 
of Seventh and Cutter Streets. The " doctrines of a vital force and 
the rejection of poisons are taught." 

Pike's Opera-House, in the massive building belonging to the 
estate of the late Samuel N. Pike, on the south side of Fourth Street, 
between Walnut and Vine, was the most elegant hall in the city. It 
had a parquette, parquette-circle, dress-circle, gallery, and four pros- 
cenium-boxes. The dress-circle had eight box-stalls on either side, 
next the stage, each seating four persons. The whole seating ca- 
pacity was two thousand. The hall is now used by the Cincinnati 
Chamber of Commerce. It is on the second floor, and is approached 
from Fourth Street by one wide and two narrow stairways. The 
building stands on the site of the old Pike's Opera-House, which 
was destroyed by fire in 1866. It is only one square south of Foun- 
tain 'Square, and is therefore easily accessible by all the street-railroad 
lines. 

Pioneer Association, the Cincinnati, was organized in 1856, 
of ladies and gentlemen who had resided in Ohio prior to the 4th of 
July, 181 2. Subseqently the limit for membership was changed to 
the year 1S15. Quarterly business-meetings in March, June, Septem- 
ber, and December, are held in the Council Chamber of the City 
Building. On the 4th of July, the birthday of American Indepen- 
dence ; on the 7th of April, the anniversary of the settlement of 
Ohio; and on the 28th of December, the recognized date of the 
settlement of Cincinnati, — on all those days the formal and festive 
gatherings and excursions take place. Since the organization was 
formed, about four hundred members have died, and their funerals 
were attended by the surviving members. There are now about three 
hundred members ; and the whole cost to each member for enrolment- 
fee and clues has been only $1. The president is John S. Perkins; 
and the secretary is John D. Caldwell, who, although not by birth 
entitled to membership, is, however, by adoption, one of the most 
honored and active members, and has held his present position for 
almost a score of years. 

Police. — The police-force of Cincinnati is controlled by the mayor. 
The executive officer is the superintendent, and next to him is the 
inspector. The patrolmen are directly controlled by 19 lieutenants 
and 13 sergeants, distributed among ten police-districts, each contain- 
ing a station-house, to which a certain number of patrolmen report. 



WOOLLEN DEPARTMENT. 



In this department we offer full lines of the BEST KNOWN MAKES at very attrac- 
tive prices. 



FLANNELS. 



WHITE, SCARLET, GRAY, AND BLUE, IN PLAIN AND TWILLS. 

PLAID, STRIPED, PLAIN, AND PRINTED OPERAS, SHIRTING AND DRESS 

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WOOLLENS. 



CASSIMERES, REPELLENTS, LADIES' CLOTHS, 

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BLANKETS. 



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From crib size to the largest made. 



COLORED BLANKETS, 

All shades and weights. 



HORSE BLANKETS, 

One and two strap, all grades. 



THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY. 



160 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 161 

The rank and file of the force for the year 1882 numbered 283. Ten 
patrolmen are detailed as detectives, and do not wear uniforms while 
on duty. During the year 1882 the number of arrests made was 
13,642. Of these, 9,427 were for crimes and misdemeanors, and 
4,215 for safe-keeping; the latter being discharged without trial 
before the police-court. The salary of the superintendent is $2,500 
per annum; inspector, $1,500; lieutenants, $900 each; and patrol- 
men, g8oo each. The total cost of the department in 1S82 was 
$271,310. It is probably the most efficient, and at the same time 
the least expensive, of the police-departments of this country. The 
cost to each resident is about $1, while in New York the cost is 
about $3.50. 

Police-Stations. — The city is divided into ten police-districts, 
each having a station-house for the temporary confinement of arrested 
persons. At each station-house a certain number of policemen re- 
port, morning and evening, for roll-call. The station-houses are 
situated as follows: 1st district, Ninth Street, near Central Avenue; 
2d, Hammond Street, between Third and Fourth ; 3d, Bremen Street, 
between Fifteenth and Liberty; 4th, Third Street, west of Mill Street; 
5th, corner Linn and Oliver Streets; 6th, Fulton ; 7th, Walnut Hills; 
8th, Corryville ; 9th, Sedamsville; 10th, Cumminsville. 

Population, according to United-States census, was in 1800,750; 
1810, 2,540; 1820, 9,602; 1830, 24,831; 1840, 46,338; 1850, 115,436; 
i860, 161,044; 1870, 216,239. Of the population in 1870, there were 
79,612 foreigners, including 49,448 born in Germany, 18,624 m I re " 
land, 3,526 in England, 2,093 m France. 210,335 were white, and 
5,904 colored. In 1880 the population numbered 255,708. 

Porkopolis is one of the names by which Cincinnati is known, 
and its origin is explained in the following manner : About 1825 
George W. Jones, president of the United-States branch-bank, and 
known as " Bank Jones," was very enthusiastic about the fact that 
25,000 to 30,000 hogs were being killed in this city every year ; and 
in his letters to the bank's Liverpool correspondent he never failed 
to mention the fact, and express his hope of Cincinnati's future great- 
ness as a provision-market. The correspondent, after receiving a 
number of these letters, had a unique pair of model hogs made of 
papier-mache, and sent them to " George W. Jones as the worthy 
representative of Porkopolis." The hogs were kept in the bank 
until it closed, and were then taken care of by Mr. Jones, who a few 



1 62 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

years before his death handed them over to John W. Coleman, one 
of the largest slaughterers at the time ; and he in turn passed them 
over to H. A. Bowman, superintendent of the Miami stock-yards, 
who leaves them at the office of Samuel Davis, jun., & Co. 

Pork-Packers' Association of Cincinnati dates its organization 
Oct. 30, 1872, and has for its object the promotion of the interests of 
the provision-trade by securing concert of action and a free inter- 
change of opinion, and by submitting recommendations as to rules 
for the government of the provision-trade of this city to the Chamber 
of Commerce for consideration. Its members comprise the leading 
pork-packers of Cincinnati, and to its deliberation the present code 
of laws for the government of the local provision-trade is largely 
traceable. It was the first to take the lead in granting reciprocal 
judicial privileges to the members of other commercial organizations, 
adopting a like rule throughout the country. It has made exhibitions 
at Vienna and at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition, and has always 
been influential in the council of the National Pork-Packers' Asso- 
ciation. The room used is set apart for the association by the 
Chamber of Commerce, to which it is a recognized adjunct ; all 
members of the Association being members of the Chamber, and 
all members of the Chamber having free access to all privileges of 
the Association-rooms. 

Portsmouth, Big Sandy, and Pomeroy Packet Company, the 
Cincinnati, owns eight boats. Of these " The Ohio, No. 4," " The 
Telegraph," and "The Potomac" make daily trips to Pomeroy, O. ; 
" The Bostona " and " The Fleetwood," daily trips to Huntington, 
W. Va., where they connect with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad ; 
"The Bonanza," tri-weekly trips to Portsmouth, O. ; "The Wild- 
wood," tri-weekly trips to Maysville, Ky. ; and "The City of Ports- 
mouth," daily trips (except Sundays) to Chilo, O. The company also 
does a general towing-business, and for this purpose owns three 
boats, "The T. W. Means," "The Etna," and "The Cobb Cecil," 
and about twenty barges. " The A. L. Norton," also owned by this 
company, is used for transient passenger business. The president 
is John Kyle, the secretary T. M. Holloway, and the superintendent 
Louis Glenn. 

Post-Office Statistics. — The total receipts of the Cincinnati 
post-office for the year 1882 were $623,062.48, and the total expenses 
only $191,742.34. There were 36,931 money-orders issued, from which 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 165 

the total receipts, with the fees therefor, were $531,629.62; number 
of money-orders paid were 195,564; amount paid out on orders, 
52,521,809.70; number of letter-carriers employed, 100; total num- 
ber of pieces mail-matter handled, 28,701,952 ; number of letters 
advertised, 24,727; sent to Dead-Letter Office, 263,015; total num- 
ber of pieces mail-matter distributed, 50,369,450 ; second-class matter 
mailed by publishers, 2,785,315 pounds ; postage on second-class 
'matter, $57,056.00 ; number of letters registered, 38,932 ; number of 
registered letters received for delivery, 152,316; number of registered 
packages handled in transit, 328,206. 

Post-office, the, is in the building on the south-west corner of 
Fourth and Vine Streets, and occupies the basement and the west 
half of the first floor; in which latter are the registry and money- 
order departments and the offices of the postmaster and his secre- 
tary. The present quarters are much too small ; and the post-office, 
with all its various departments, will be moved into the building now 
being erected by the United-States Government, as soon as it is 
completed. Col. S. A. Whitfield is postmaster. (See Custom- 
House, and see Government Building.) 

Pottery, Artistic. — Manufacturing in Cincinnati has become a 
recognized and important industry. At the Industrial Exposition 
held in this city in 1882, the most exquisite and tasteful designs and 
rare specimens were exhibited, and attracted marked attention from 
lovers of the beautiful in art. Numerous and large orders were 
given from all parts of the United States for the productions of 
our potteries, most prominent among which is the " Rookwood Pot- 
tery," situated at 207 Eastern Avenue ; Maria Longworth Nichols, 
proprietor. 

Pottery Decoration has gained for the city a name contributing 
somewhat to its reputation in art-matters. The work has been 
accomplished by amateurs, almost exclusively by ladies. The owners 
of the potteries have assisted their efforts ; but as yet the potters 
have failed to take the lead in the matter, and have confined them- 
selves to the production of undecorated wares. The variety and 
superior qualities of the clays of Ohio and the neighboring States 
make possible the building-up of a great industry at a place where 
unrivalled facilities are afforded for the creation of artistic products 
from materials as well suited for the purposes as any in the world. 
Robert Clarke & Co. have just published the eighth edition of " China 



i66 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



Painting," a valuable manual for amateurs, by Miss M. Louise Mc- 
Laughlin of this city. 

Pottery Club. — An organization of ladies, amateurs in art-work, 
formed April, 1S79, f° r tne decoration in under-glaze painting of 
pottery made from the clays of the Ohio Valley. Miss M. Louise 






1 

i 








Price's Hill Incline. 



McLaughlin is president, Miss Clara Newton / secretary. The 
club meets Tuesdays and Thursdays at the Women's Art Museum 
Association Rooms. 

Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals, the Ohio 
State Society for, was organized in May, 1873. I ts principal office 
is in Cincinnati, at No. 55 West Fourth Street. Arrangements are 
now being perfected to establish branch-offices throughout the State 
of Ohio. During the ten years since its organization, it has done a 
noble work in decreasing the number of cases of brutality to animate 
beings. The society is supported largely by subscriptions. Life- 







14 -.,:..' ; 

! 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 169 

members pay $100; active members $5 a year, and children $1 a year. 
It also has recently begun publishing " The Humane Appeal." 

Price's Hill is on the west bank of Mill Creek, overlooking the 
Ohio River. Its height above the river is about four hundred feet. 
The high ground continues westward beyond Warsaw, a distance of 
four miles. It is covered with elegant private residences, convents, 
schools, and colleges. Its summit is reached by Price's-hill Inclined- 
plane Railway, the foot of which is at the junction of Eighth Street 
and State Avenue. The Warsaw Pike, winding around the hill by 
easy grades, is also a means of reaching the top. There are grounds, 
pavilion, and terrace connected with the Price's-hill House at the 
summit, and music is often furnished there. Picnics and pleasure- 
parties also make use of the grounds. The views of the river and 
surrounding country are not surpassed by any in this city. The 
Eighth-street line of horse-cars stop at the foot of the inclined plane. 

Protestant Churches. — The Protestant churches are less encum- 
bered w r ith debts than those of any other large city. Seventeen of 
the twenty-three Protestant denominations are wholly out of debt for 
their churches, while the debt of all the Protestant churches amounts 
to less than $115,000. The Protestant churches have a total mem- 
bership of about 21,000, a Sunday-school attendance of about 25,000, 
and property valued at nearly $3,500,000. 

Provisions. — As a great provision-market, Cincinnati ranks sec- 
ond to but one city in the world; and as a market for the best qual- 
ity of meats, bringing the largest prices, the city ranks first. In the 
winter season of 1880-81 there were 522,425 hogs packed here; the 
cost of which was $6,446,228. There were 26,596 barrels of hog- 
meat, and 65,627 packages of lard produced. During the year end- 
ing Aug. 31, 1881, the imports and exports were as follows : — 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Hogs, number of 
Pork, barrels of . 
Lard, pounds of . 
Meats, pounds of 



1,053,216 

3,599 
13,003,365 
50,489,141 



304,170 

37>3QO 

37,702,839 

110,643,940 



During the summer season, about 150,000 hogs are packed. For 
the year ending Aug. 31, i88i, the live-stock statistics are as fol- 
lows- — 



17° Picturesque Cincinnati. 



Cattle .... 
Sheep .... 
Horses and mules 



Receipts. 



186,632 

324,727 

24,429 



Shipments. 



73,556 

238,167 

20,398 



In the provision trade, — that is, slaughterers, packers, and curers 
of meats, — there are 173 firms, with an invested cash capital of 
$4,230,000. They occupy real estate valued at $3,837,244 ; employ 
1,950 persons; and the value of their product for 1881, including 
lard, was $14,242,739. Among the most prominent firms in this 
trade are Samuel Davis, jun., & Co., office and packing-house corner 
Court Street and Broadway ; Evans & Kinney, office room B, Pike's 
Opera-House, and packing-house adjoining the United-Railroads 
Stock-Yards; Evans, Lippirwzott, and Cunningham, office and pack- 
ing-house corner Bank and Patterson Streets ; James Morrison & 
Co., office and packing-house corner of Bank and Riddle Streets ; 
Joseph Rawson & Son, packing-house on Spring-grove Avenue, near 
the United Railroads Stock-yards, office and warehouses 300 & 310 
Sycamore Street. There are also a number of firms who do a com- 
mission business in provisions ; and prominent among these is the 
firm of William H. Davis & Co., 271 and 273 Sycamore Street, 
who are also curers of hams and salt meats on commission account. 
F. A. Laidley & Co. are not only extensive pork-packers, but are also 
large jobbers in all kinds of provisions. The packing-house is on 
the Colerain Pike, and office No. 85 West Second Street. (See 
Stock-Yards.) 

Public Library and Reading-room. — Vine, between Sixth and 
Seventh Streets. It is under the control of the chairman of the 
Board of Public Education, and six persons appointed by that board. 
It contains 108,000 volumes and 12,000 pamphlets, and is free in 
every particular. About $60,000 dollars a year is spent for its sup- 
port ($18,000, derived chiefly from a tax of one-tenth of a mill, is 
spent yearly for books). Books, pamphlets, manuscripts, etc., are 
constantly donated to it. It is open every day, from eight A.M. to 
ten p.m. The library is one of the best-arranged and most flourish- 
ing, and the reading-room one of the most complete and comfortable, 
in this country. The building is fire-proof, and is one of the largest 




Interior of Public Library. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. i 73 

and finest in this city. It has cost, with the ground, $400,000. One 
branch of the library has been opened at Cumminsville, and another 
will probably be opened within a year at Columbia. To the librarian, 
C. W. Merrill, is due much of the success of the library, as well as 
many .of the improvements. 

Publishers. — There are four large publishing-houses in this city, 
besides several firms publishing subscription-books, and a number 
of booksellers, and newspaper and printing offices publishing books 
and pamphlets of various kinds. The four great establishments are 
those of Robert Clarke & Co., Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co., Western 
Methodist Book Concern, and Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co. The three 
last named are referred to in their alphabetical places in this book. 
Robert Clarke & Co.'s is the leading bookselling and general book 
publishing house in the South-west. Their establishment occupies 
the large five-story stone-front building, No. 65 West Fourth Street. 
This firm is known throughout the United States as one of the 
most trustworthy and most successful houses in the book-trade. Mr, 
Clarke has been connected with the house since 1855, when he 
bought Tobias Lyon's interest in the firm of Lyon & Patterson ; the 
style of firm changing to Patterson & Clarke. In 1S57 Mr. Clarke 
bought Mr. Patterson's interest, and carried on the business in his 
own name. At that time the store was in Bacon's Building, corner 
of Sixth and Walnut Streets, and the business was chiefly in second- 
hand and foreign books ; this being the first house in Cincinnati to 
import books direct from London and Paris. In 1S5S R. D. Barney 
and J. W. Dale united with Mr. Clarke; and the new firm, under 
the style of Robert Clarke & Co., bought the business of Henry W 
Derby & Co., law-book publishers, and dealers in the miscellaneous 
books published by Harper & Brothers, and Derby & Jackson. They 
then moved into the store occupied by Derby & Co., 55 West Fourth 
Street, and began business as publishers of law-books, and wholesale 
and retail booksellers. In 1867 tne business was removed to its 
present quarters. In 1872 Howard Barney and Alexander Hill were 
admitted to the partnership. This house has published over 150 
volumes of law-books, one of which was the celebrated Fisher's 
Patent Cases, the highest-priced law-books ever published in this 
country, — 6 volumes, at $25 a volume; and also about a hundred 
volumes of miscellaneous books, including the invaluable Ohio Val 
ley Historical Series, edited by Mr. Clarke, and issued in eight hand- 



1 74 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

some volumes. Many publications of this firm rank equal in style 
and value to any published in the United States. The third floor 
of the establishment is devoted exclusively to works known as 
Americana, of which a fine catalogue has been issued. Besides their 
publishing and bookselling departments, Messrs. Clarke & Co. have 
an extensive book-bindery, book and job printing-office, and stationery 
department. 

Pulte Medical College. — Corner Seventh and Mound. Organ- 
ized in 1872. Homoeopathic instruction in all branches of medical 
science. The building is said to be one of the largest and best- 
appointed for its purposes in this country. There are twenty-five 
rooms for college purposes, including halls, lecture-rooms, museum, 
etc. Main amphitheatre seats two hundred. The Homoeopathic 
Free Dispensary and Cincinnati Hospital are at the service of stu- 
dents. Sessions from October to March. Fees vary. 

Queen City is known, the world over, as one of the accepted and 
appropriate names of Cincinnati. This name was given in recogni- 
tion of the fine situation, the lovely surroundings, the excellent cli- 
mate, the fertile soil of the neighborhood, and the bright prospects 
for the future greatness of the city, and also in appreciation of the 
early development of enterprise, culture, refinement, and prosperity 
among the citizens. The name has been generally used with refer- 
ence to this city for fully fifty years ; but just when and by whom it 
was originated, the publishers are unable to learn. In 1838 a book 
entitled "Tales from the Queen City " was published in Cincinnati. 
Longfellow paraphrases the words in his poem on " Catawba Wine," 
in the verse reading as follows — 

" And this Song of the Vine, 

This greeting of mine, 
The winds and the birds shall deliver 

To the Queen of the West, 

In her garlands dressed, 
On the banks of the Beautiful River." 

Queen City Club is composed of about three hundred leading pro- 
fessional and business men. Its club-house, corner Seventh and Elm, 
is one of the most elegant and commodious in the country. It cost, 
with real estate and furnishing, about $170,000. It contains rooms 
for conversation, billiards, cards, chess, and other games, besides 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



75 



reading and dining rooms. Its restaurant is conducted a la carte. 
A reception and dining room is reserved for the wives and families 
of the members. Each member holds at least one share of stock of 
the value of S250, and pays annual dues of $75, with a credit of $ic 
as interest on his stock. Five members are elected yearly to serve 
for three years as a board of management, and this board alone has 
the right of accepting or rejecting appli- 
cations for membership. Visitors must 
be introduced bv members. 




Reading-rooms. — The largest and most comfortable public 
reading-rooms are those of the Public Library and of the Young- 
Men's Mercantile Library Association. There are also good read- 
ing-rooms at the Cincinnati Gymnasium, the Chamber of Commerce, 
and the Young Men's Christian Association. 

Red Men, the United and Improved Order of, is a benevolent 
organization, dispensing its benefits after the manner of the Odd 
Fellows and other similar bodies. What it has to do with the 
aborigines, is known only to the members. There are eight tribes 




LOAK AND SHAWL 

«5a 



Departments. 



All the latest Paris styles in Cloaks and Costumes 
are received as soon as introduced, and our assort- 
ment is always the largest in the market. 

We are extensive manufacturers of Cloaks, our 
workrooms being on a large scale. Shapes and styles 
receive our closest attention. 

Our facilities are such that we can produce at 
lower cost than most manufacturers, an advan- 
tage of 'which -we always give our customers the 
benefit. 



DOLMANS, CARRIAGE WRAPS, 

SEAL-SKIN SACQUES, 
CIRCULARS. JACKETS, 

RAGLANS, 
FUR-LINED CIRCULARS, ETC. 



Endless variety and unrivalled low prices. 

THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY. 

176 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 1 77 

and one encampment of the United Order, and four tribes of the 
Improved Order, in Cincinnati. Nearly all the tribes have a separate 
place of meeting. 

Reformed Presbyterians. — Although there are two churches 
styled as above, and both designating themselves the First Church, 
they differ somewhat from each other. Both of them fifty years ago 
formed one church ; but in 1833 a division took place, and since that 
time there have been two distinct churches. Much of that time the 
"Plum-street congregation" has been without ministers, and conse- 
quently the growth has been small. In 1854 Robert Patterson was 
installed pastor, and after he served two years a vacancy of twelve 
years followed. In 1868 James Y. Boice was installed pastor. Up 
to this time the church-building was on George Street; but Mr. Boice 
■began in the basement of a new building, a beautiful little stone 
church, situated on Plum Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, 
and now occupied by the congregation over which A. G. Wylie, D.D., 
is pastor. The " John-street congregation " comprises a small society 
worshipping on Clinton, east of John Street. Their doctrine is that 
the United States is not a Christian government, and therefore they 
cannot consistently vote at any election. They hope to have the 
Lord Jesus Christ recognized in the Constitution. J. M. Foster is 
pastor. 

Relief Union, the Cincinnati. — This great charity was founded 
in 1850, and has been in continual and successful operation ever 
since. It is supported by voluntary contributions, the greater por- 
tion coming from life-members, a number of whom pay amounts 
ranging from $100 to $1,000 annually. As much as $40,000 has been 
collected and disbursed in a single year. Since 1873, however, the 
receipts have not been so large, by reason of the panic in that year, 
and the death of several of the former large contributing members. 
The society operates through a local visiting committee of two in 
each ward, who visit each applicant, and satisfy themselves as to 
their needs. The necessaries of life are supplied to the extent the 
fund will allow, without regard to color, sex, nativity, or religion. 
The Union has an office in the City Buildings, whence supplies are 
issued. 

Reservoirs. — There are five reservoirs connected with the water- 
works system. The two largest of these are in Eden Park, both 
capable of holding 100,000,000 gallons of water. They are con- 



178 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

structed in one of the natural ravines, across the mouth of which an 
immense wall of solid masonry has been thrown. Their construc- 
tion cost the city nearly $4,500,000. They supply that portion of the 
city north of Third Street to the hills. The old reservoir, on Third 
Street at the foot of Mount Adams, is a superstructure of solid lime- 
stone masonry. It is located in Water-works Park. Its capacity is 
but a tithe of that of the great reservoirs, and it is kept full by con- 
stant pumping. It supplies the district south of Third Street, and a 
portion of the West End. The other two reservoirs are immense 
boiler-iron tanks, located in the angle formed by the junction of 
Vine Street and Auburn Avenue, Mount Auburn ; that being the 
highest point of ground in the vicinity, and about 467 feet above low- 
water mark. Water is lifted to these reservoirs by a pumping-engine 
located at the junction of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Streets, which 
draws its supply from the great reservoirs in Eden Park. These 
reservoirs supply the districts of Mount Auburn, Corryville, and 
Walnut Hills. A line of ten-inch pipe is also laid from these reser- 
voirs down Vine Street to Fourth, at which point the pressure is 200 
pounds to the square inch. The fire-plugs along this line are con- 
nected with it, and can throw water farther than a steam-engine can. 
The Tyler-Davidson Fountain is supplied from this source. A sixth 
reservoir, on Price's Hill, in the western part of the city, will soon 
be completed. 

Revision, the Board of, meets the first Monday of each month. 
Its province is to take under consideration any vital interest of the 
city, scrutinize the official conduct of city officers, and report its 
action to council. It is composed of four members : viz., Thomas J. 
Stephens, mayor and ex officio president; Michael Ryan, president 
board of aldermen ; L. L. Sadler, president board of councilmen ; 
James M. Dawson, city solicitor. 

Riverside. — A suburb adjoining the western corporation line, 
fronting on the Ohio River, six miles from Fountain Square. It 
contains many elegant country residences. It forms a separate elec- 
tion precinct in the county. Riverside can be reached by the Ohio 
and Mississippi, the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, and wSt. Louis 
railroads, the Storrs and Sedamsville horse-cars, and the Lower River- 
Road, an excellent macadamized turnpike. The drive is a beautiful 
one ; giving a charming landscape of river, and hillsides dotted with 
lovely suburban houses, vineyards, and private parks. 




View in Spring-grove Cemetery. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. ioi 

Robinson's Opera-House, on the north-east corner of Ninth and 
Plum Street, is a very handsome building devoted to music and the 
drama in the city. Its seating capacity is 2,300. The auditorium 
contains a parquette, parquette-circle, balcony, and gallery, besides 
four large private boxes. The theatre was built in 1872 by John 
Robinson, circus-manager. The cellar was built expressly to pro- 
vide winter-quarters for animals used in the circus. The main en- 
trances are on Ninth Street. The Seventh-street or blue line of 
horse-cars pass the building going east; the Elm-street and the 
Eighth-street lines pass within one square. The Opera-House over- 
looks the City Park, and is in the midst of what is known as the 
" church region." 

Royal Insurance Company of Liverpool, Eng\, although a 
foreign company, has not only a national reputation, but also a local 
history. In 1852 an agency of the company was given to the late 
Dr. John S. Law, who continued the business in his own name until 
1 87 1 ; when, upon the formation of a partnership with his son John 
H. Law, who had been at work in the office since the agency was 
established, the style of the firm was changed to John S. Law & Son. 
In 1877, at tne death of the senior member, the business passed into 
the hands of John H. Law. For the entire period of twenty-seven 
years, the Royal has had a most enviable record in this city; and its 
standing to-day is equal to that of any insurance company in the 
world. All losses in this neighborhood are paid without reference 
to the home office; and the best indemnity possible is offered by this 
company, with assets amounting to almost $33,000,000, — of which 
nearly $3,000,000 are kept in the United States. Moreover, the 
stockholders are individually liable to the full extent of their private 
fortunes. The losses paid by the Royal already exceed the enormous 
sum of $35,000,000. 

Safe-Deposit Company of Cincinnati occupies one-half of the 
National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce building at 20 West 
Third Street. The safes are thoroughly fire and burglar proof. 
They are thirty-five feet long, twelve feet and a half wide, and seven 
feet high, and are composed of five alternate layers of steel and iron, 
and so put together that no screw or nut penetrates more than three 
layers. Constant work for eighteen months was required to construct 
these immense safes. They have four combination-locks of different 
makes. Every safeguard is adopted; and the place is watched day 



1 82 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

and night on both the inside and outside. The renters of boxes and 
depositors of securities have every convenience for handling their 
property quietly and unobserved. The Safe-Deposit Company was 
organized in 1866, and was one of the first corporations in the United 
States to provide for rich and poor people the means of absolute 
security against fire and burglary at a moderate cost. Its capital 
stock is $100,000. The president is Henry Peachey, and secretary 
Samuel P. Bishop. 

Sanitarium, the Cincinnati. — A private hospital for the treat- 
ment of mental and nervous diseases, at College Hill, O. It was 
opened in 1S73, and since that time has established its character as 
a permanent institution, having appointments unsurpassed by those 
of any similar institution in the country. Four hundred persons have 
already been patients at the sanitarium. The building, erected origi- 
nally for the Ohio Female College, is an elegant and attractive struc- 
ture of brick with stone facings, three stories in height above the 
basement. Close by the main building are five two-story cottages. 
All the apartments in the main building and in the cottages are well 
furnished and comfortable. It is the only strictly private insane- 
asylum in the West, and is in charge of Dr. W. S. Chipley, who has 
had thirty-four years' experience in the treatment of the insane. 
The charges vary with the accommodations furnished. The Sani- 
tarium can be reached by a drive over Spring-grove Avenue, or by the 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad and College-hill Narrow- 
gauge Railroad (fare forty cents round trip). John L. Whetstone 
president, Val. P. Collins secretary, and John F. Elliott treasurer. 

School-books. — See Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co. 

School of Design of the University of Cincinnati was founded 
by Charles McMicken. In 1853 an association known as the Ladies' 
Academy of Fine Arts received from Mr. McMicken $1,000 to be 
spent for casts, which were to be given to a school of design when- 
ever one should be founded in this city. Some years later the casts, 
as well as pictures owned by the academy, were handed over to the 
School of Design which had just been founded. The school pros- 
pered as much as its limited means allowed. Later, Joseph Long- 
worth endowed the school with $100,000; i.e., the Old Observatory 
property perpetually leased to the Passionist Fathers, and yielding 
seven per cent on $50,000, and the other $50,000 being given in 
United-States bonds. Then the facilities and number of teachers 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 183 

were increased. In 187 1 the school was placed under control of the 
University of Cincinnati, and since that time it has been remarkably 
successful. In 1SS2 there were nine instructors and nearly four 
hundred pupils. To this school is due much of the credit for the 
elaborate designs and carving on the organ in Music Hall. Instruc- 
tion is free to residents. Non-residents are charged $$30 a year for 
attendance on the day-classes, and $15 for attendance on the night- 
classes. The hours are every week-day, from nine a.m. to one p.m.. 
and from seven to nine p.m. ; and the sessions are the same as those 
of the University of Cincinnati. The rooms are in College Building, 
and can be visited by permission of the principal, Thomas S. Noble. 

Schools, Public. — The total number of children enrolled for 
attendance at the public schools in 1882 was 37,996. The average 
daily attendance of the number enrolled was 78 per cent. To accom- 
modate this vast number of pupils, the city provides yj district or 
primary, 4 intermediate, and 2 high-school buildings, besides 5 build- 
ings for colored schools, and the University of Cincinnati. The city 
is divided into 27 districts for white, and 5 districts for colored pupils ; 
the 7th, 8th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 24th, 25th, and 26th districts having two 
buildings each, the 21st district four, and the remaining districts one 
each. The buildings are nearly all elegant, new, and commodious, 
one of them alone costing $85,000. The average cost of each of the 
buildings may be placed at $40,000. To impart instruction to the 
youth of the city, 633 teachers are required, whose salaries range 
from $400 to $2,600 per annum. Pupils passing through the public 
schools must attend six years in the district, three in the intermedi- 
ate, and four in the high schools ; when, on graduating from the high 
school, they can enter the university. Examinations are required in 
passing from one year's grade to another, from the district to the 
intermediate, and from the latter to the high schools. In addition 
to the ordinary English branches, German, music, and drawing are 
taught in the district and intermediate, and French, Latin, and Greek 
in the high schools. The schools are governed by the Board of Edu- 
cation. This board also controls the public library, the normal 
school, and the school for deaf-mutes; the latter being one of the 
only two schools of the kind in the country supported chiefly by a 
municipal corporation as part of its school-system. Night-schools 
are held in fifteen of the districts, three being for colored pupils. 
The total expense of the schools for the year 1882 was $784,405.98 



184 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

The superintendent is John B. Peaslee. (See University of Cincin- 
nati, Hughes High School, and Woodward High School.) 

Schools, other than Public. — There are within the city limits 
four business colleges, one dental college, one law-school, seven 
medical and surgical colleges, one college of pharmacy, one college 
and four conservatories of music. There is also the St. Joseph 
College, St. Xavier College, Mount St. Mary's Seminary, Young 
Ladies' Academy of St. Vincent de Paul, — all Roman-Catholic in- 
stitutions; Lane Theological Seminary, of the Presbyterian denomi- 
nation ; Cincinnati Wesleyan College, — a Methodist-Episcopal young 
ladies' institute; and Hebrew Union College. Besides the above, 
there are numerous private schools in and around the city, and sev- 
eral colleges and seminaries distant only a few miles from the city 
Among the most prominent private schools in the city are the 
Chickering Institute for boys; the Collegiate School for boys, under 
direction of Babin & Rix; Miss C. E. Nourse's family and day school 
for girls ; Bartholomew English and Classical School for girls ; 
Miss S.J. Armstrong's Mount- Auburn School for girls ; and Mount 
Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, under direction of H. Thane 
Miller. 

Sculptors. — The earliest in this city was Frederick Eckstein, a 
Prussian by birth, and a resident in this city fifty years ago. He was 
a man of great eccentricities, among which was one of valuing his 
works at a precise sum of odd dollars and cents, with amusing exact- 
ness. From him Hiram Powers acquired the first rudiments of the 
art. Powers began between 1830 and 1840 the work which after 
wards gave him such world-wide fame ; and to Nicholas Longworth 
he was indebted, not only for patronage, but also for aid to go to 
Italy to pursue his profession. S. Clevenger, about 1840, made many 
excellent portrait-busts, notably that of President Harrison, now in 
the Young Men's Mercantile Library Rooms. Thomas D. Jones 
resided here for many years ; and his busts of Thomas Ewing, Judge 
McLean, Thomas Corwin, and many others, attest his skill. Ed. 
Brackett was well known as a sculptor in Cincinnati in the early 
part of the decade 1840-50. N, F, Baker, a Cincinnatian by birth, 
studied in Italy; and his statue of " Cincinnatus," on the front of 
the building occupied by Chatfield & Woods, on Fourth Street, and 
that of "Egeria'' in the lake at Spring-grove Cemetery, are carefully 
executed works of art. Louis T. Rebisso, of the School of Design, 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 187 

is a sculptor of considerable ability. His most celebrated work is 
the colossal equestrian bronze statue of Gen. McPherson, lately 
erected in Washington, D.C. Moses J. Ezekiel is the well-known 
sculptor of the colossal marble statue of " Religious Liberty," tem- 
porarily placed in Fairmount Park. L. Fettweis is a resident sculp- 
tor, born in Cincinnati, and trained in the German art-schools. Frank 
Dengler, one of the greatest of young American sculptors, recently 
died after a short career, during which his great talents were appre- 
ciated even in art-loving Boston. August Mundhenk, recently re- 
turned from Europe, is a sculptor, who has established a foundery 
for casting bronze-work. H. K. Brown was for a short period a 
resident here, and Preston Powers now has a temporary studio in 
this city. 

Second Presbyterian Church, on the south-west corner of 
Eighth and Plum Streets, is one of the finest of the church edifices 
of Cincinnati. The corner-stone was laid in 1873 > an d tne church 
was first occupied Jan. 3, 1875, anc ^ dedicated April 11, 1875. The 
buildings is of Blue-hill limestone, in the Gothic style of architec- 
ture; its spire is 205 feet high; and its .seats are arranged in amphi- 
theatre form, for the accommodation of 1,100. The organ is a very 
fine instrument, and cost, without the case, $10,000. The total cost 
of the church and its furniture was about $275,000, and the society 
is wholly out of debt. The society was organized in 1816; and its 
preliminary meetings were held at the residence of Judge Jacob 
Burnet, on the site of the present Burnet House ; and for the first 
two years its services were held anywhere that accommodations could 
be found. In 1818 a little frame building was erected on Walnut 
Street, above Fifth Street, where services were held until 1830; when 
a second building, a neat brick edifice, having a steeple with a clock 
paid for by the city council, was erected on Fourth Street, between 
Vine and Race Streets. The building cost $28,000, and the land 
55,000; but the land was sold in 187 1 for $160,000, and the society 
built the beautiful edifice already described. The following is a 
list of the regular pastors; David Root, 1820-32; Lyman Beecher, 
1832-43; John P. Cleveland, 1843-45; Samuel W. Fisher, 1846-58; 
M. L. P. Thompson, 1859-65; James L. Robertson, 1867-70; Thomas 
H. Skinner, 187 1 ; James Eells, 1883. 

Sedamsville. — A portion of the 21st ward, west of Mill Creek, 
fronting on the Ohio River, and south of the western range of hills, 



1 88 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

three miles and a half distant from Fountain Square. It is a manu- 
facturing district, containing several large distilleries and saw-mills. 
It was formerly a part of Storrs Township. The Third-street line 
of horse-cars and the Eighth-street line make connection with the 
Storrs and Sedamsville line, the former at the bridge over Mill Creek, 
on Sixth Street, and the latter at the junction of Eighth Street and 
State Avenue. 

Sewerage. — The natural advantages of Cincinnati for surface 
drainage are admirable, the rolling character of the site favoring it. 
But sewers were found necessary on the slopes from the central 
plateau, and all the principal streets running down to the Ohio have 
sewers from Seventh Street to the river. Part of the district north 
of Seventh and east of Plum has surface drainage into the Miami 
Canal, which empties into Eggleston-avenue Sewer ; and part is 
drained by the Sycamore-street Sewer and its branches. North of 
Liberty Street the drainage is into the mammoth Liberty-street 
Sewer, which empties into the McLean-avenue Sewer. West of 
Central Avenue, north of Seventh, and south of Liberty, lateral 
sewers are laid, which lead to the immense McLean-avenue Sewer, 
now being constructed to the river. The sewerage system is almost 
perfect. Sewers range in size from i foot to 12 by 14 feet. The 
total number of lineal feet of sewer laid under the present system 
by the city, excluding that laid by private citizens, of which there is 
a large amount, is 204,161, — nearly 39 miles. 

Shakspeare Club, organized in 1851, is the oldest organization in 
the city for the purpose of giving weekly readings from Shakspeare 
and other dramatic poets, and is also a leading amateur theatrical 
club ; its entertainments always having been noted for care taken in 
their preparation, and skill in their presentation. It will probably 
hereafter use the hall of the Allemania Club; for the season of 
1878-79 the Melodeon Hall having been used. There are about 
twenty active members, who take part in the entertainments, and bear 
the deficit for the expenses proportionally. Associate members pay 
$10 a year for the privileges of the club. George W. Pohlman is 
secretary. Strangers can be invited by members. 

Shelter House. — See Casino. 

Shillito's Mammoth Dry-goods House is one of thr interest- 
ing sights in Cincinnati. There are only a few business buildings in 
the United States as magnificent as this structure, which was opened 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



191 




in September, 1878. It fronts 270 
feet on George Street, and 176 feet 
on Race Street, and has a floor 
surface of seven acres. It is six 
stories above ground, and two sto- 
ries below. In the centre is a 
grand dome, 60 feet in diameter 
and 120 feet high. There are five 
elevators, and all the conveniences 
usual to modern structures. Over 
1,000 persons are employed in the 
building, which is chiefly a great 
retail and wholesale dry-goods and 
carpet establishment. A curiosity 
is to be seen on the first floor un- 
der the dome : it is one of a pair 
of vases exhibited by the Japanese 




192 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



government at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and is one of the 
'argest pieces of lacquered porcelain ever made in Japan. 
Sinking-Fund Trustees, the Board of, comprises five of the 



n~| i • 

29 U 23 

pci» aiz> 



31 

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32 

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33 

• 




34 

• 



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8! ODD 1 3 1 



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lr~n» [tiie 



L.B.FOLGER EN.G. CI 

Second-floor Plan of the John Shillito 
Company's Dry Goods House. 



E3 



I m-I~| 4* 4 



F.R. 



most trustworthy citizens, appoint- 
ed, regardless of political views, 
by the judges of the superior court. 
They give bonds of $100,000 each, 
and serve five years, without any 
compensation. They are to pro- 
vide for the interest and redemp- 
tion of the whole bonded indebted- 
ness of the city, also for all rents 
and final judgments against the 
city ; and for this purpose they cer- 
tify to the city council the sums 
necessary both for a sinking-fund 
to provide for the payment of all 
the city's bonds, and for the pay- 
ment of the interest on all the bonded indebtedness. Then the city 
council is required by law to place in the tax ordinance the several 



c 


• 35 1 




•1 


• 36 1 


□ 








p 


•! 


• 38 | 




•1 


• 39 | 




V 


. ■ 40 1 




1 «l 




Picturesque Cincinnati. 



*93 



sums so certified in preference to any other items. They are to re- 
ceive the net earnings of the Southern Railroad, and also to take- 
charge of rents due the city. The total receipts of sinking-fund appli- 



F R. 1— 4S-J I — m_ 



F R. 





1 — t 1 












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W 1 


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L.8.F0L66.R EC 

Third-floor Plan of the John Shiilito 
Company's Dry Goods House. 

4 ^ cable to the redemption of bonds 
are about $560,000 each year from 
all sources. 

Southern Railroad, the Cin- 
cinnati, is now open from Cincin- 
nati to Chattanooga, Tenn., a dis- 
tance of 336 miles, a great part of 
the way being through a very fertile 
and most picturesque country. It 
is the most important north-and- 
south trunk line in the United 
States. The road is one of the best- 
constructed of all the American 
railroads, and in some particulars 
shows a remarkable piece of en- 
gineering. It crosses the Ohio River over the 




Bridge; and between the terminal points 



Southern Railroad 
crosses 47 wrought-iron 



194 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

bridges and viaducts, 13 wooden bridges, and passes through 27 tun- 
nels, one of which is 4,700 feet long, and through deep cuts in rock, 
and over ground filled up in many places. It is thought to be one 
of the best pieces of railroad engineering and construction in this 
country. The principal contractors were R. G. Huston & Co. The 
Southern Railroad makes connections with all roads centring at 
Cincinnati and at or near Chattanooga, as well as several important 
connections between those cities. The uniform charge for local 
passenger travel is three cents a mile. This whole railroad passing 
through three States, and built at a cash cost of $18,000,000, is owned 
in fee simple by Cincinnati, — the only city in the world that has 
built a railroad of this magnitude. It is managed for the city by 
a board of five trustees, consisting of Miles Greenwood, president, 
R. M. Bishop, E. A. Ferguson, Henry Mack, and A. H. Bugher. The 
trustees are appointed by the superior court of this State. They give 
bonds of $100,000 each, and the whole pay for the board amounts to 
$5,000 a year. The road has been leased for a term of years to a 
corporation known as the Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Texas Pacific 
Railway Company : the officers being John Scott, president and gen- 
eral manager ; Harry Peters, secretary and treasurer. The offices are 
in the Albany Building, No. 130 Vine Street. The depot is situated 
at the corner of McLean Avenue and Gest Street, and is reached by 
the Eighth-street line of horse-cars. 

Spencer Township is situated east and north-east of Columbia, 
and east of Cincinnati Township, and is bounded on the south by 
the Ohio River, and on the east by the Little Miami. In this town- 
ship are Pendleton, Columbia, East Linwood, Russells, and Red 
Bank. 

Sportsman's Hall. — See East-End Garden. 

Spring-grove Cemetery, situated near Cumminsville, was con- 
secrated in 1845. I ts area was J 66 acres of undulating surface and 
sandy soil, and cost $16,000; but it has since been increased to 600 
acres, and is now the largest cemetery in the United States, and has 
over 33,000 interments. It is probably the most picturesque large 
cemetery in the world. The numerous springs and groves suggested 
the name " Spring Grove." A handsome entrance-gate leads from 
the broad Spring-grove Avenue into the grounds. The " park plan " 
suggested by A. Strauch, the deceased superintendent, was a plan to 
relieve the ground of the heavy encumbered air of a churchyard, and 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 197 

to present the appearance of a natural park. The plan was success- 
ful ; and Spring Grove is now beautifully laid out, with far-stretching 
lawns, trees, miniature lakes, and shrubbery, and ornamented with 
stately monuments, chapels, vaults, and statues. The Dexter Mau- 
soleum is an elaborate Gothic chapel of gray sandstone. From a 
balustrade surrounding the chapel, a charming view is obtained of 
the ornamental waters and surrounding landscapes. The Soldiers' 
Monument, erected in 1864, is a bronze statue on a granite pedestal, 
and represents a soldier standing on guard. A beautiful mortuary 
chapel in cruciform shape, 108 feet long and transepts 66 feet long, 
with walls of blue limestone and trimmings of sandstone, was con- 
tracted for in July, 1879, at a cost °f $40,000. The graves are gen- 
erally arranged in circles, and are numbered and recorded. There 
are about 7,000 lot-holders. The office for permits to visit the ceme- 
tery, and to buy lots, is No. 2 Pike's Opera-House. Horse-cars to 
cemetery, Baymiller-street, John-street, and Freeman-street lines ; 
fare, 10 cents. Steam-railroads, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, 
and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads; fare, 20 cents. The presi- 
dent of the association is Henry Probasco, the treasurer John Shillito, 
and the secretary S. B. Spear. Superintendent, William Falway. 

Springer Music Hall. — See Music-hall and Exposition Building. 

Springer Statue. — See Statues. 

Spring Lake. — A suburban resort on the Avenue, between 
Spring-grove Cemetery and Chester Driving-park, adjoining both. 
The grounds are large and elegant, divided into lawns, groves, and 
flower-gardens. The lake is supplied from natural springs, and fur- 
nishes the water-supply for the beautiful lakes in Spring-grove Ceme- 
tery. Spring Lake was formeriy the residence of the late Piatt 
Evans. It can be reached by the Spring-grove Avenue horse-cars. 
Accommodation-trains on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, 
Dayton Short-line, and Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore Rail- 
roads, stop near the main gate. 

St. Aloysius' Orphan Asylum (German, Roman Catholic). — 
Situated on the Reading Road in Avondale, about four miles and a 
half from Fountain Square. It is a large three-story brick building, 
with accommodations for 300 orphans. Inside the building is a 
chapel, where the children attend daily services. Father Hyronimus, 
assisted by the Sisters of Notre Dame, conducts the asylum ; but the 
finances are managed by a board of trustees, of which Dr. B. Mosen- 



19& Picturesque Cincinnati. 

meier is president, A. II. Haarmeyer treasurer, and W. J. Overbeck 
secretary. Any member's child when an orphan is taken care of 
until of age; i.e., a boy until 21 years, and a girl until 18 years of 
age. At a proper time- employment is found for the orphans, and 
they are watched over by committees appointed for that purpose. 
There are now 260 boys and girls at the asylum. The support of 
the institution comes from 2,200 active members, paying $3.25 a year; 
"a Washington-birthday celebration," a "Fourth-of-July picnic," and 
an "anniversary." At the three entertainments, about $7,000 are 
raised. The asylum is about two squares from the depot of the 
Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore Railroad (fare, 25 cents). 

Springer Statue. — Upon the west side of the vestibule of Music 
Hall, midway between the south and central entrances to the main 
hall, stands the Springer Statue erected to commemorate the munifi- 
cence of Mr. Reuben R. Springer. The statue, which is six feet 
three inches in height, represents Mr. Springer standing in a graceful 
and easy position, with his right hand resting on a stand upon which 
are carved emblems of Music, Art, and Industry. The left hand 
holds a scroll, on the inner page of which can be discerned a section 
of Music Hall set in bas-relief in gilt. The immediate base, four 
inches in thickness, with the statue itself, is of one piece of pure 
white Carrara marble. The pedestal, a dark red marble traversed 
with streaks of light green and white, affords a strong contrast to the 
pure white of the statue resting upon it, though mined only a short 
distance from each other. The size of the pedestal is three feet 
nine inches high, three feet wide, and two feet three inches long. 
On the four sides appear in bas-relief in delicate gilt letters the 
word " Springer " at the front, " Music " at the right, " Industry " at 
the back, and " Art " at the left. The base upon which the entire 
work rests is a fine Maryland gray granite, octagonal in shape, and 
sloping from the pedestal. The size of the base is four feet by five, 
and one foot three inches high. The entire height of the work as it 
stands in place is eleven feet and seven inches. The wall decora- 
tions in the rear, in striking contrast to the surroundings, with a neat 
railing enclosing the statue, add very much to the effect. The statue 
is the work of Preston Powers of Florence, Italy, where it was 
executed, and is recognized as the best effort of this eminent artist. 
It was unveiled and presented to the trustees of Music Hall, Mon- 
day, May 1 5, 1882. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



199 



St. Francis de Sales Church and School. — Corner of Wood- 
hurn Avenue and Madisonville Pike. The corner-stone was laid 
June 30, 187S, by 

Archbishop Pur- gn—n jxu» ■■ — 1 .^^ra^^jaM-g^g?^^ 

ceil, in the pres- 
ence of nearly 10,- 
000 persons. The 
exterior of the 
church is now fin- 
ished, with the ex- 
ception of the 




St. George s Church 



spires. The structure is of cut limestone, is 184 feet by 169 feet, and 
will have a seating capacity of 1,000. The cost, including grounds 



200 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

and schoolhouse, will be $118,000; and it is claimed that it will be 
the handsomest church-edifice in Hamilton Count)-. The parochial 
school adjoining has been occupied since Jan. r, 1878, and is under 
the charge of the Sisters of Charity. 

St. Mary's Hospital is under control of the Sisters of the Poor 
of St. Francis. It is situated on the north-west corner of Baymiller 
and Betts Streets, It was established in 1869, though not completed 
until 1873. There is room for 500 beds, besides a number of rooms 
for private pay-patients. The medical staff consists of five physi- 
cians and surgeons. The attendance is furnished by the Sisters. 

St. Nicholas, the, of which E. N. Roth is proprietor, is the 
bon-ton restaurant and cafe, and one of the most comfortable hotels 
in the city. The restaurant, although not as grand as the Cafe 
Anglais in Paris, the Cafe Royal in London, or Delmonico's in New 
York, holds the same position in Cincinnati that the restaurants 
named hold in their respective cities. The cafe on the lower floor, 
with entrance on Race Street, is a popular resort for gentlemen 
desiring a first-class meal in little time and at prices somewhat lower 
than those charged in the restaurant. The hotel is conducted on the 
European plan, the charges for rooms ranging from $1 to $2.50 per 
day. The building was in former times two old-fashioned residences 
built with full thought about comfort ; and the rooms and halls, be- 
sides being elegantly furnished, are spacious, airy, and luxurious. 
The location, on the south-east corner of Fourth and Race Streets, 
is very convenient. In the gentlemen's sitting-room is an elaborate 
painting, seven by twelve feet. Besides being a specimen of fine art, 
it is a queer subject, and is said to have an interesting history. The 
inscription reads " Pauline Bonaparte, by Devouge, 181 r." It repre- 
sents Madame Bonaparte, life-size, almost nude, and seated upon a 
sofa. The painting is said to have belonged to Joseph Bonaparte, 
and was sold, upon his return to France, to Nicholas Longworth, by 
whom it was sold at auction, and finally bought by Mr. Roth of the 
St. Nicholas. 

3t. Paul's Church (Methodist-Episcopal) is part of the old West- 
ern charge, established in 1835. The congregation at that time met 
in a brick chapel on the northwest corner of Fourth and Plum 
Streets, and enrolled about seven hundred members. Here so faith- 
fully were the threatenings of the law, as well as the promises of the 
gospel, preached, that the place became known as the " Brimstone 




St. Paul's Church, (Tom down 1883.) 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 203 

Corner." When a new church building became necessary, ground 
was purchased on Central Avenue; and here, in 1844, was erected 
Morris Chapel. Outgrowing this, the trustees obtained a lot on the 
corner of Seventh and Smith Streets, and in 1868 began the erection 
of St. Paul's Church and parsonage. The building is of blue lime- 
stone, and is one of the handsomest in the city. The membership 
numbers nearly six hundred persons. 

St. Paul's Protestant-Episcopal Church. — Organized Aug. 1, 
1828, under the Rev. Samuel Johnston, the first Episcopal minister 
settled in the city, and the first rector of Christ Church, which he 
left with a number of his parishioners to form this church. It was 
incorporated in 1831. The building, situated on the south-east corner 
of Seventh and Plum Streets, is of stone and brick in the Roman- 
esque style, and has two unfinished towers or spires, giving it an odd 
appearance, at the same time an agreeable one. There are about 
three hundred communicants. Salmon P. Chase was for many years 
secretary of the society, and teacher and superintendent of the Sun- 
day school. The rector is Samuel Benedict, D.D. 

St. Peter's and St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. — In the north- 
ern part of Cumminsville, about three squares from the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad depot. The building is a large 
four-story brick structure, surrounded by nearly twenty acres of the 
society's property. The average number of children in the asylum 
is 350; and the annual expenses are between $16,000 and $18,000. 
Children, one or both of whose parents are dead, are admitted, usu- 
ally without charge; but when the surviving parent or friends are 
willing to pay, a moderate charge is made. The institution is con- 
ducted by the Sisters of Charity, and is supported by public charity. 
A bazaar and a picnic, held once a year, are the chief sources of 
income ; but the St. Peter's, St. Joseph's, and the St. Xavier's orphan 
societies, as well as many individuals, make liberal contributions 
yearly- The asylum is also known as the Cumminsville orphan 
asylum, or as the Catholic orphan asylum. It can be reached by the 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad (fare 15 cents), and by 
the Cumminsville and Spring-grove line of horse-cars (fare 5 cents). 

St. Peter's Cathedral, situated on the corner of Plum and 
Eighth Streets, in point of beauty and architectural correctness is 
thought the finest church structure in the city. It is 200 feet in 
'ength by 91 in width. The roof is supported by 18 freestone pillars, 



204 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



3! feet in diameter and 33 in height. The main 
walls are built of Dayton marble, while the 
basement is of blue sandstone. The steeple 
is 221 feet high, and in the gracefulness of its 
proportions is unsurpassed by any spire in this 
***_ country. An 

altar of Carra- 
ra marble, with 
two angels on 
each side, — 
the work of 
Hiram Powers, 




St. Peter's Cathedral, corner Eighth and Plum Streets. 




St. Paul's Methodist-Episcopal Church. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 207 

— occupies the west end of the cathedral. Opposite is an organ hav- 
ing 44 stops and 2,700 pipes. Some fine paintings, interesting alike 
for their historic and artistic merits, may be seen in the cathedral. 
" St. Peter liberated by an angel," by Murillo, was taken during the 
Peninsular War from the Spaniards, and presented by Cardinal 
Fesch, uncle of Napoleon I., to Bishop Fenwick. The cathedral 
was begun in 1S39, consecrated in 1844. It has a seating capacity of 
1,600, and, including the grounds, cost $244,000. (See Chimes.) 

St. Xavier College was established in 1831, under the name of 
the Athenaeum, by the Right Rev. E. D. Fenwick, D.D., the first 
bishop of Cincinnati. In 1840 Archbishop Purcell placed it in 
charge of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, who have managed it 
ever since. There are two distinct courses of instruction, — the 
classical and the commercial. The former is designed especially to 
qualify young men for professions, and aims at imparting a thorough 
knowledge of the classics ; and the latter is designed to qualify 
young men for a business career. In all departments for the year 
1882-83 there were about 240 students, all of whom were day-scholars. 
Although under Roman-Catholic management, the college is open 
to young men of all denominations, and only the Catholic students 
are required to attend mass. The building, owned and occupied by 
the college, is a large brick structure on Sycamore Street, at the 
corner of Seventh. In it is a fine library of more than 14,000 valu- 
able volumes. 

Stadt Theatre. — See Turner Hall. 

State Banks. — See Banks. 

Steam Dummy Railroads. — The Columbia and Mount Look- 
out steam dummy railways start from the East-end Garden, in Pen- 
dleton, at the end of the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The Columbia 
line pursues its course east to Columbia. The Mount Lookout line 
branches off at Delta Station, one mile from Pendleton, and runs 
north to Mount Lookout and East Walnut Hills. 

Steamboats and Packets. — The steamboat business of the 
Queen City of the West is one of large dimensions, embracing all 
the river trade from Pittsburg to the Gulf, The lines are as follows : 
The New-Orleans line of eleven boats, departing Tuesday, Thursday, 
and Saturday; the Memphis line of six boats, departing on Monday, 
Wednesday, and Fridav; the United-States mail line of four boats, 
two boats making daily departures for Louisvilie, and one each day 



2 °8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

for Madison. Three boats ply regularly between Cincinnati and 
Pomeroy, making daily departures except on Sunday. From Cin- 
cinnati to Huntington the line consists of two boats making one 
departure daily. One boat makes tri-weekly trips Monday, Wednes- 
day, and Friday, for Vanceburg. One boat leaves once each week for 
the Kanawha Valley, and three boats for the Tennessee River. A 
peculiar and attractive feature of the passenger business is the large 
excursion traffic in the winter season to New Orleans and all points 
South, forming a pleasant, healthful, and instructive relaxation from 
the cares of business and household duties. The total number of 
steamboats (including tow-boats) plying on the river for the year 
1881 was 206, with a tonnage of 58,153. The tonnage of steamboats 
and barges manufactured in Cincinnati during the year 1880-81 was 
11,236, as against 5,970 for 1879-80; a most gratifying increase, and 
giving promise of a brilliant future. 

Storrs Township, so called, but now a portion of the city, the 
2 1 st ward, extends from the west bank of Mill Creek along the river 
front west to Riverside. Its western border-line is also the corpora- 
tion line of Cincinnati. Sedamsville, Fairmount, Lick Run, and 
Warsaw were in this township. 

Street-Railroads. — See Horse-Cars, Inclined Planes, Narrow- 
gauge Railroads, Steam Dummy Railroads. 

Streets, Avenues, and Alleys. — The length of the streets, 
avenues, and alleys of the city, improved and unimproved, will be a 
matter of surprise even to most of the inhabitants. By an improved 
street is meant one paved with bowlders, limestone blocks, wooden 
blocks, macadamized, or gravelled. By unimproved is meant that 
the street is graded, but not yet finished with a hard surface. Jan. 1, 
1881, the city civil engineer reports that there were, within a small 
fraction, ioif miles of streets and alleys paved with bowlder stone, 
83^ miles of macadamized (broken limestone) avenues, streets, and 
alleys; 6f miles of limestone-block-paved avenues, streets, and alleys; 
7 miles of wooden-block streets ; I2| miles of macadamized turnpikes : 
total miles improved avenues, streets, and alleys, 2io|; miles of un- 
improved avenues, streets, and alleys, 199I : total miles improved and 
unimproved streets, avenues, and alleys, 4io|. (See Old Streets, etc.; 
and see Landmarks, etc.) 

Sunday is a characteristic day in Cincinnati. No city in this 
country is more alive on Sunday than is Cincinnati. From this fact 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 209 

the name " Paris of America " has been firmly attached to it. It is 
true that the wholesale and the better class of retail business-men 
shut their business-places ; but in many parts of the city there are 
retail shops open during a part or the whole of Sunday ; while " Over- 
the-Rhine " there is no cessation from business on any day of the 
week. Throughout the city, the hotels, eating-places, barber-shops, 
cigar-shops, fruit-stands, and bar-rooms are open the forenoon or all 
of the day. Amusements at any time of the year are never wanting. 
In summer, crowds go to the hill-top resorts, to the Zoological Gar- 
dens, to the concert and beer gardens, to base-ball games and other 
athletic sports, and on railroad and steamboat excursions. In the 
winter, crowds go to the hill-top resorts, which then provide shelter, 
warmth, and music; to beer-saloons, where some sort of music is 
generally furnished ; to club and private parties ; and they also go 
skating, sleigh-riding, etc. During the greater part of the year, the 
cheap places of amusement, styled by themselves " opera-houses " 
and " theatres," are open Sunday afternoons and evenings ; and dur- 
ing the winter, occasional attractions are offered at the better class 
of theatres by way of concerts, lectures, and theatrical performances. 
The demoralizing "free shows," consisting of a low variety enter- 
tainment, the expenses of which are paid out of the profits on sales 
of liquor and tobacco, are open the year round. The public libra- 
ries and reading-rooms do good work by attracting many persons to 
read books and papers. The Young Men's Christian Association, 
the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Young Men's 
Hebrew Association, keep open their places ; and the two first named 
hold services at various hours. The social club-houses are open on 
Sunday ; and members, with friends from outside the city, resort to 
them. While knowing that there are such varied and so many 
amusements, it must not be forgotten that a large part of the com- 
munity are constant and devout church-going people. There are 
over a hundred and fifty congregations holding regular service, one, 
two, or three times a day, — except during the hot season. Then 
there are many Sunday schools, and some Jewish people known as 
Reformed Israelites, holding their services on Sunday. In the after- 
noon and evening a large part of the people, even the better class, 
will drive out on the road, or visit the public parks ; and the railroad 
and steamboat lines make Sunday their special da"y on which to bring 
in excursions from neighboring places. And so it is that the Sunday 



2IO 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 



life in this city very clearly shows the metropolitan character of 
Cincinnati. 

Surgeons. — See Physicians. 

Suspension Bridge. — See Bridges. 

Sycamore Hill. — That part of the city lying on Sycamore Street 
in its ascent to Mount Auburn. The ascent begins near Liberty 
Street, and the summit is reached at Saunders Street, half a mile 
distant. Sycamore Hill is very steep in some places. In early days 
it was the entrance to the city by way of the Lebanon Pike. 

Taxes. — For the year 1882, the real and personal property on 
the grand duplicate for taxation in Cincinnati amounted to $166,986,- 
105 ; in Hamilton County, outside the city, it amounted to $38,480,- 
771 ; total, $205,466,876. The total levy by the city, for all purposes, 
on the property within its limits, is 18.96 mills on the dollar. To 
this must be added the state levy, 2.90 mills, and the county levy, 
1.96 mills; making a total of 23.82 mills, or $2.38.2 on each hundred 
dollars. The rates of taxation in the townships outside the city vary 
from i\ to 20 mills, or from 75 cents to $2 on each hundred. The 
city-tax levy for 1882 was divided as follows: — 

MILLS. 

General fund . . 1.13 

Police 1 60 

Superior court 06 

Fire-department ... 1.39 

Light , 1.38 

Workhouse « 20 

Sanitary purposes 25 

Parks 07 

Sewerage > .10 

Street-cleaning 50 

Redemption of city debt 5° 

Hospital 48 

Infirmary 40 

House of Refuge 22 

Street-repairs 1.10 

Redemption Southern Railroad bonds , . . . 1.16 

Interest on city debt 4.46 

School, Library, and University . . . 3.96 

18.96 

Add state levy 2 90 

Add county levy '. 1 96 

Total 23.82 




St. Xauier College. 



' 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 2 1 3 

Telegraph and Telephone Offices. — American District Tele- 
graph Company, 165 Vine Street; Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph 
Company, 57 West Fourth Street ; Bell Telephonic Exchange, 43 
West Fourth Street; Board of Trade Telegraph, 22 West Fourth 
Street; City and Suburban Telegraph Association,. 43 West Fourth 
Street ; Western Union Telegraph Company, north-west corner 
Fourth and Vine Streets. 

Temperance Organizations. — There are six lodges of Good 
Templars, and five divisions of Sons of Temperance, in Cincinnati. 
They hold weekly meetings in their separate halls, which are scat- 
tered in every portion of the city, from Columbia to Cumminsville. 
The Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Cincinnati Temper- 
ance Reform Club, the Women's Temperance Union of Walnut 
Hills, and the Templars of Honor, also hold weekly meetings. The 
central meeting-place is the hall of the Women's Christian Temper- 
ance TJnion, No. 115 West Sixth Street. Meetings are held here every 
Sunday afternoon. 

Theological and Religious Library Association was organized 
in 1863. Its extensive and valuable collection of books and pam- 
phlets is in alcoves specially assigned to them in the Public Library. 
The president is, George F. Davis, and the secretary, is John D. 
Caldwell. 

Third National Bank of Cincinnati is number twenty of the 
national-bank system. It began in July, 1863, w ^ tn a casn capital of 
$300,000, which was increased in 1864 to $500,000. In May, 1871, it 
purchased the building and business of the Bank of the Ohio Val- 
ley, which was organized in 1858, immediately after the failure of the 
Ohio Life and Trust Company. In 1871 the capital was increased to 
$800,000, at which amount it stands to-day. The surplus is about 
$320,000, and the deposits about $3,500,000. The dividends have 
averaged twelve per cent a year, and the stock is very largely held 
by those directly connected with the management of the bank. The 
Third National does a legitimate banking business, and deals in 
foreign and domestic exchange, European letters of credit, gold and 
currency drafts on California, and United-States and Cincinnati bonds. 
It is also the United-States and City of Cincinnati depository. The 
office is 65 West Third Street. 

Thorns' Hall. — A public hall on the west side of Central Avenue, 
between Fourth and Fifth Streets, in the second story. The build- 



Carpet Department, 



The assortments include all the newest designs in floor-coverings of all grades, em- 
bracing the popular styles in 



PERSIAN, INDIAN, AND GERMAN PIECE CARPETS, 
AXMINSTERS, WILTONS, 

BODY AND TAPESTRY BRUSSELS, 

WITH 

WOOL CARPETINGS IN THREE-PLY, 

EXTRA SUPER, AND 'SUPER, 

COTTON AND WOOL INGRAINS, 

HEMP AND DUTCH CARPETINGS, 

MATTINGS, RUGS, AND MATS, 

OIL CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS, ETC. 
-H- 

Buyers will always find, in this department, complete and attractive assortments 

at the 



LOWEST PRICES. 
-H- 



The John Shillito Company. 



214 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 215 

ing was once owned by Morris Chapel, Methodist-Episcopal Church 
congregation; but the society, becoming too large to be accommo- 
dated in the hall, sold the building to J..C. Thorns, who converted it 
into a convenient hall for small entertainments. 

Tobacco. — As a tobacco-market Cincinnati ranks among the 
first, while as a centre of trade in white tobacco she is the largest 
market in the world. Manufacturers from the sea-board and Western 
cities draw heavily on this city for their supplies of this particular 
class of tobacco. It is doubtful if any other commodity is now so 
peculiarly connected -with the prosperity of the city as this. All the 
lines of transportation, warehouse-men, insurance companies, banks, 
manufacturers, merchants, and shop-keepers in general find in it impor- 
tant contributions to their business. The tobacco business of Cin- 
cinnati, in all its branches of chewing and smoking goods, shows a 
considerable increase over the year 1881, both in production and 
taxes paid. The production in Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport 
was as follows: Fine cut and plug, 4,702,159 pounds; smoking- 
tobacco, 2,064,150 pounds; number of cigars and cigarettes, 127,253,- 
970. Taxes paid were as follows: Fine cut and plug, $712,370.44; 
smoking-tobacco, $330,437.17 ; cigars and cigarettes, $754,596.61. 
These figures-show an increase over 1881 in the aggregate taxes paid 
on all three commodities of $20,366.84. 

Trades' Assembly. — A central organization, composed of three 
delegates from each of fourteen trade-unions which have asked for 
membership. The assembly holds semi-monthly meetings at Brick- 
layers' Hall, corner of Central Avenue and Court Street. Only a 
small proportion of the various trade-unions of the city belong to 
the assembly. It is devoted to the interests of workingmen, and 
takes an active part in political affairs. 

Trinity Church, on Ninth Street, between Race and Elm, was, 
like St. Paul's, a part of the Western Charge. A church for this 
portion of the work was built in 1837, on the site of the present 
building. The lot was purchased of Luther Rose, and up to 1841 
the Western Charge remained undivided. After that year separate 
pastors were appointed for the two churches. Trinity Church, so 
named, was erected in 1859-60, and was the first regularly constituted 
Methodist congregation which introduced the system of family or 
promiscuous sittings. Up to that time the men and women were in 
all cases required to sit apart in public worship. Trinity also intro- 
duced the first church-organ into Cincinnati Methodism. 



216 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Turner Hall, owned and occupied by the Turnverein, is a large 
building, Nos. 513 to 519 Walnut Street. It was finished in 1859, at 
a cost of $35,000. The hall proper, which is in the third story, is 
fitted for, and is used as, a German theatre, known as the Stadt 
Theatre, and is in great demand for political conventions, balls, etc. 
The building contains also, on the rear of the ground-floor, a gym- 
nasium fitted with all the appliances for athletic exercises usually 
found in gymnasiums. In the second story rear is a large hall, in 
which the meetings of the Turnverein and of numerous other so- 
cieties, singing-clubs, and building associations, are held. There are 
also several large committee, cloak, and other rooms on the second 
floor. On the ground-floor front are a large saloon and reading- 
rooms. In the rear of the building is a large garden, with pavilion 
for music, and tables for refreshments, to which there is an entrance 
from Allison Street. The building is maintained by rents received 
for its various halls, and the* proceeds of the saloon. 

Turnverein, the Cincinnati. — A German society for the promo- 
tion of athletic exercises. It was organized in 1848, and now num- 
bers about five hundred members, many of whom are honorary and 
contributing. The active members are divided into classes : one 
consisting of all above the age of eighteen years; another, of youths 
between the ages of fourteen and eighteen; and the third, of children 
under fourteen years. Each class has its time for practice in the 
gymnasium, where competent teachers are employed every night. 
The association has its own band, selected from the members who 
are musicians, and a cadet-corps of youth between fourteen and 
eighteen years of age. These latter are drilled in the manual of arms 
and military movements. The uniform of the cadets is a dark-gray 
coat, pants, and cap; and that of the adult Turners is simply an 
unbleached linen short sack-coat, worn with any other colored gar- 
ments. The Turnverein owns the Turner Hall. 

Tyler-Davidson Fountain, the, is one of the objects in Cincin- 
nati in which the citizens take the utmost pride. It is the grandest 
fountain in the United States, and by far the noblest work of art in 
the city. It was unveiled in 187 1, and was donated to the city bv 
Henry Probasco, as a memorial of his brother-in-law, Tyler David- 
son, who for many years had the project under consideration. It 
stands in the centre of the esplanade, on Fountain Square. The 
massive base and the circular basin are made of porphyry, quarried 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 217 

and polished in Europe. The fountain itself is cast in bronze, of 
condemned cannon procured from the Danish government. The 
castings weigh twenty-four tons. The diameter of the basin is forty- 
three feet, and the weight of porphyry eighty-five tons. The height 
of the fountain above the esplanade is thirty-eight feet. The bronze 
pedestal on the base of porphyry is square ; the four sides bearing 
representations in relief of the four principal uses of water, — wat^r- 
power, navigation, the fisheries, and steam. The pedestal is sur- 
mounted by four semi-circular bronze basins, each pierced in the 
centre bv a single jet an inch in diameter. From the centre of the four 
semi-circular basins rises a second bronze pedestal, surmounted by a 
square column, on which stands the Genius of Water, a draped female 
figure, with outstretched arms, from the palms and fingers of whose 
hands the water falls in spray into the four semi-circular basins. On 
either side of the square column is a group of figures of heroic size. 
The eastern group represents a mother leading a nude child to the 
bath ; the western group, a daughter giving her aged father a draught 
of water ; the northern group, a man standing on the burning roof 
of his homestead, with uplifted hand, and praying for rain ; the south- 
ern group, a husbandman with an idle plough, and at his side a dog 
panting from heat, supplicates Heaven for rain. There are life-size 
figures in niches at each corner of the bronze pedestal -beneath the 
semi-circular basins. One represents a nude boyVith a lobster, 
which he has just taken from a net, and is holding aloft in triumph 
with one hand ; another, a laughing girl, playing with a necklace of 
pearls ; the third, a semi-nude girl, listening to the sound of the waves 
in a sea-shell which she holds to her ear ; the fourth, a boy well 
muffled, strapping on his skates. There are four drinking-fountains, 
equi-distant on the rim of the porphyry basin. Each is a bronze 
pedestal, surmounted by a life-size bronze figure. One represents a 
youth astride a dolphin ; the second, a youth kneeling, holding one 
duck under his left arm, and grasping by the neck another ; the third 
is that of a youth, around whose right leg a snake has coiled, which 
the youth has grasped with his left hand, and is about to strike with 
a stone that he holds in his right. The fourth figure is that of a 
youth kneeling on the back of a huge turtle, and grasping it by the 
neck. Water issues from the mouths of the dolphin, duck, snake, 
and turtle. The fountain was designed by August von Kreling of 
Nuremberg, and cast by Ferdinand von M tiller, director of the Royal 



2i 8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Bronze Foundery of Bavaria. The cost of the fountain itself was 
$105,000 in gold. Together with the esplanade, the total cost was 
over $200,000, All horse-cars pass by or quite close to the fountain. 

Union Bethel, the Cincinnati. — Nos. 30 to 36 Public Landing, 
east of Sycamore Street. The Bethel owns the Bethel Church build- 
ing, which was erected in 1869, at a cost of $35,000. In front stands 
the main building, erected in 1S72, at a cost of $45,000. The whole 
property cost $134,000. The Bethel is supported by subscriptions 
and contributions. David Sinton gave it $113,000, and two fairs 
netted $72,000. Membership, $10 a year, $50 for life Only members 
vote for directors. The Bethel comprises a church, undenomina- 
tional, services Sundays, 11 a.m., 7.30 p.m., and Thursday evenings 
7.30; a sabbath school, probably the largest in the world, for its 
average attendance is over 2,260, meets Sunday afternoons, 2.30; 
the "Young Men's Home," open every day from 6 A.M. to 12 r.M. ; 
" Newsboys' Home," and the Merchants' Dining-Rooms furnish meals 
and lodging at the lowest possible prices ; and the profits, if any, go 
to the relief-department, which provides meals and beds to the worthy 
needy poor. Thomas Lee has been identified with the institution for 
fourteen years, and has been its superintendent and pastor for the 
past eleven years. 

Union Central Life-insurance Company of Cincinnati. — The 
only local life-insurance company. It was incorporated in 1867, with 
a capital stock -of $100,000; and Jan. 1, 1883, the gross assets were 
$1,837,090.96; and according to the New-York" standard, its surplus 
was $270,614.68, and its amount of assets to each $100 of liabilities 
was $117,27. Its income for 1883 was $495,158.02. The laws of 
Ohio restrict its investments to mortgages upon unencumbered real 
estate, worth, exclusive of buildings, double the amount loaned 
thereon, Government bonds, and loans upon its own policies. Its 
stockholders are liable for double the amount of their stock. Its poli- 
cies, after three annual payments, are also by law made incontestable, 
except as to age or fraud. The superintendent of insurance is re- 
quired to examine the company annually. The company owns the 
office-building on the south-east corner of Fourth Street and Central 
Avenue. The president is John Davis, and the secretary E. P. Mar- 
shall, succeeding John Cochnower and N. W. Harris, who held the 
same offices from the time the Union Central began business. 

Union Insurance Company of Cincinnati was organized in 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 219 

1855 m Kentucky, as the Mercantile Insurance Company of Coving- 
ton ; but in 1859 it re-organized in Ohio under the present name. 
The company's capital was $[00,000, with twenty per cent paid in. 
Since 1859 the remaining eighty per cent has been earned, and cash 
dividends averaging seven and a half per cent a year have been paid, 
besides $20,000 surplus accumulated. Nearly $1, 000,000 have been 
its receipts for premiums, and nearly $600,000 its payments for losses. 
The first secretary of the company, A. C. Edwards, served until 1873, 
when he was elected vice-president. In 1875 ne was elected presi- 
dent, which office he now holds. Mr. Edwards's successor as secre- 
tary is Joseph T. Blair, who has held the position since 1873. The 
company does only a fire business, having discontinued its marine 
business. Office, 66 West Third Street. 

United Brethren Churches. — First German, Clinton and Bay- 
miller, Jacob Ernst, pastor; Second German, 729 Eastern Avenue, 
Gottlieb Fritz, pastor. 

United Railroads Stock-yard Company was incorporated in 
187 1, with a capital of $500,000. Fifty acres of land were bought on 
the west side of Spring-grove Avenue in the 24th ward. About two- 
thirds of the property lies between the avenue and Mill Creek, and 
one-third on the west side of Mill Creek, the whole being connected 
by the company's own bridge. These yards are surpassed in size, 
arrangement, and management, by but few stock-yards in the world. 
They have cost about $750,000, and have accommodations for 5,000 
cattle, 10,000 sheep, and 25,000 hogs. The receipts each 3-ear amount 
to nearly 1,000,000 hogs, 300,000 sheep, i6o,oco cattle, and 10,000 
calves. Almost all railroads make connections with these yards. A 
brick building contains the stock-yards' office, the Avenue Hotel, and 
offices rented to live-stock dealers. The officers of the company are 
J. L. Keck president, and John H. Porter secretary and treasurer. 
The Cumminsville and Spring-grove horse-cars pass the yards. 

United-States Internal Revenue Collector's Office occupies 
Rooms 6, 7, 8, and 9, on the second floor of the Johnston Building, 
south-west corner of Fifth and Walnut Streets. The first district of 
Ohio comprises Hamilton County; and in this district, April 30, 
1878, there were 3,248 persons who held licenses as retail liquor- 
dealers, and 4,214 as retail tobacco-dealers. Out of the whole num- 
ber, more than one-half were Germans. The following are the 
statistics for this district for the year ending July 1, 1882 : — 



220 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

SOURCES. • REVENUE. 

10 distilleries $9,008,267 

359 tobacco, cigar, and snuff factories 1,034,025 

21 breweries 707,190 

Licenses J 38,379 

From liquors and tobacco $10,887,861 

From all other sources 39> 2 8i 

Revenue of this district $10,927,142 

Moreover, the revenue of this county alone from liquors and 
tobacco is fully one-thirteenth of the entire revenue of the United 
States. The cost of collecting the revenue here is one and one- 
seventh per cent. The United-States collector is C. B. Montgomery, 
whg has about ninety deputies and other employes under him. 

United-States Mail-Line Company, the, established upwards 
of fifty years, runs a line of steamboats between Cincinnati and 
Louisville, and carries the mail between those cities and to inter- 
mediate points on and in the vicinity of the Ohio River. It owns 
five boats, — three first-class side-wheel steamers, the " United States," 
*' Gen. Lytle," and " Ben Franklin ; " and two stern-wheelers, the 
" Louis A. Shirley " and " Gen. Pike." Four boats are in service 
all the time, daily trips being made to Louisville and to Madison, 
Ind. One first-class boat is held in reserve. Fare to Louisville, 
$3.50 ; round trip, $6. The freight carried is at all-rail rates, the 
company carrying the insurance. Connections are made with all 
railroads in both cities, and coupon-tickets sold on the steamers. 
During the fifty years the company has been in active business, but 
three accidents accompanied by loss of life have occurred on its 
steamers. It is the oldest navigation company on the Western 
waters. Wharf-boat at foot of Vine Street. Thomas Sherlock 
president. 

United-States Marine Hospital Service, established by Act of 
Congress July 16, 1798, and re-organized by Acts approved June 29, 
1870, and March 3, 1875, ' s trie medical department of the mercantile 
marine ; and is charged, under the direction of the secretary of 
the treasury, with the duty of looking after the health-interests of the 
officers ?nd seamen employed on all American vessels engaged in 
the foreign, coastwise, and inland trade. The object of the estab- 
lishment of this service was to encourage fit persons to become 
seamen by affording care and treatment to such as may while follow- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 221 

ing their vocation become sick or disabled. The present surgeon- 
general of the marine-hospital service is Dr. John B. Hamilton. In 
addition to the care of the sick and disabled of the mercantile ma- 
rine, the medical officers of the marine-hospital service are, under 
the laws of the United States, further charged with the medical care 
of seamen of the revenue-cutter service, and with the physical exam- 
ination of officers of the revenue-cu Iters of the United States, and 
of the keepers and crews of life-saving stations ; and finally they are 
required to aid in the enforcement of quarantine, under the direc- 
tion of the secretary of the treasury. Original appointments into 
the medical corps are made to the grade of assistant surgeon only, 
and after thorough examination into professional qualifications by an 
examining board of surgeons of the service ; and the medical officers 
are assigned to duty wherever their services may be required from 
time to time. The relief-stations of the service are nearly 100, and 
the number of seamen cared for are from 15,000 to 18,000 each year. 
During the year 1SS2, the patients of the service numbered nearly 
20,000. Medical officer in charge of the service at the port of Cin- 
cinnati, Surgeon Walter Wyman. 

United-States Custom-House and Post-Office. — See Custom- 
House, and see Post-office. 

United-States Signal-Service was organized by Act of Con- 
gress approved Feb. 9, 1870, directing the secretary of war to pro- 
vide for taking meteorological observations at military stations in 
the interior, and at other points in the States and Territories, and for 
giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by telegraph, 
of the approach and force of storms. Gen. Albert J. Myers, chief 
signal-officer of the United-States Army, was directed to carry into 
effect the duties above mentioned that had been -imposed upon the 
secretary of war. The Cincinnati office is in Rooms N and 63, 
Pike's Opera-house building. 

University of Cincinnati, the, is organized under the act passed 
by the General Assembly of Ohio, April 16, 1870, "to enable cities 
of the first class to aid and promote education ;" and which author- 
izes any person or body corporate, holding any estate or funds in 
trust for the promotion of education or any of the arts and sciences, 
to transfer the same to the city as a trustee for such purpose ; thus 
affording a means of consolidating various existing funds, which 
separately are of little or no avail for their intended purposes. In 



222 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

accordance with this act, a university board was appointed January, 
187 1. This board immediately received an estate which had been 
left in trust for the city by Charles McMicken in 1858. Since then 
the endowment of the university has been increased by important 
donations from the Cincinnati Astronomical Society, Joseph Long- 
worth, John Kilgour, and Julius Dexter, and by a bequest from the 
Rev. Samuel J. Browne. With these funds and others, with the 
assistance of the city, the university accumulated nearly $i,ooo,oco 
worth of property. It consists of three departments: the academic, 
or department of literature and science ; the school of design, or an 
department ; and the observatory, or astronomical department. There 
were in the academic department, during the year 1882-83, ^ ve P ost " 
graduate students, fifty students in undergraduate courses, and thirty- 
nine students in special courses. The university is free to residents of 
both sexes, and a moderate charge is made to non-residents. Samuel 
F. Hunt is chairman of the board of directors, and Thomas Vickers 
is rector of the university. (See Observatory, and see School of 
Design.) 

Van Antwerp, Bragg, & 'Co. conduct the largest publishing- 
house in the world devoted exclusively to school-books. Their 
establishment, fronting at 137 Walnut Street, includes four large 
buildings of seven floors each. In these is done every part of the 
work of editing, making, and publishing school-books, which have 
received the highest awards at the world's fairs held at Vienna, 
Philadelphia, and Paris. About four million books are made each 
year, and are sold in every State and Territory in the Union. They 
are more extensively used than any other school-books published. 
Some of the principal text-books of this house are McGuffey's and 
Harvey's Readers and Spellers, Ray's and White's Mathematical 
Series, Eclectic Geographies, and Copy-books, Venable's and Thal- 
heimer's Histories, — forming a part of the well-known Eclectic 
Educational Series. The new edition of McGuffey's readers, just 
prepared for the press at a cost of $30,000, is probably the best 
series of readers in every particular that has ever been published. 
The firm dates its foundation from 1830, and is now composed of 
Lewis Van Antwerp, C. S. Bragg, H. H. Vail, Robert F. Leaman, 
A. Howard Hinkle, and Harry T. Ambrose. 

Vine-street Hill. — A name given to that portion of the city 
lying on Vine Street in its ascent to the summit of the northern hill. 







Vine Street, looking South. 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 225 

It extends from the junction of Vine Street and Hamilton Road to 
McMillan Street, Corryville, a distance of three-quarters of a mile. 
Vine Street ascends the hill at a grade of four hundred feet to the 
mile, and was cut through at a great expense. This portion of Vine 
Street in early days was known as the Carthage Pike. 

Washington Park. — The square between Race and Elm Streets, 
extending from- Twelfth northwardly nearly to Fourteenth Street. It 
is opposite the Music-hall building. The four and a third acres 
occupied by the park, as well as that on which Music Hall stands, 
was formerly a cemetery, but its use as such was discontinued about 
the year 1840. For twenty years it was neglected, and overgrown 
with briers and weeds. In 1861 the bodies of the dead were removed, 
and the work of turning it into a park begun. It was graded down, 
sodded, and a substantial iron fence eight feet in height built around 
it. Later a spray fountain was built in its centre, and a drinking- 
fountain consisting of a huge bowlder perforated for water-pipes 
placed near by. Serpentine walks of screened gravel were made, 
and the park thrown open to the public. It is filled with noble elms 
and sycamores of a century's growth or more, being the natural for- 
est-trees. It has ornamental iron gates on the four sides. The 
monument to Col. Robert L. McCook stands on the western edge of 
the lake containing the fountain. The park is the favorite of Ger- 
man children, being in the midst of the German district; and thou- 
sands daily seek its generous shade during sultry weather. It is well 
supplied with rustic benches and other seats. Horse-cars, — Elm- 
street and Vine and Twelfth Street lines. (See Monuments.) 

Water- Works. — Cincinnati has reason to be proud .of her 
water-works. The pumping-house is located on the river-bank, on 
East Front Street, immediately east of the Little Miami Railroad 
Depot. It contains seven large pumping-engines, the largest being 
known as the " Shields " engine, which has a cylinder eight feet in 
diameter and twelve feet stroke, with a pumping capacity of 20,000,000 
gallons per day, each revolution lifting into the reservoirs 1,880 
gallons. This is said to be the largest steam-engine in the world. 
The other six engines have each about half the capacity of the 
Shields. Water is lifted from the Front-street pumping-house into 
the old reservoir at the foot of Mount Adams and the two mammoth 
reservoirs in Eden Park. This pumping-house is a curiosity well 
worth being seen. A second pumping-house, located at the intersec- 



226 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

lion of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Streets, receives a supply of water 
from the Eden-park reservoirs, and lifts it to the immense boiler- 
iron reservoirs on Mount Auburn, from which the portion of the 
city on the northern hills is supplied (see Reservoirs). The con- 
sumption of water during the year 1S82, for all purposes, in the city, 
was 7,126,569,266 gallons. Of the vast amount, revenue was received 
for only about one-half. The public institutions, fountains, fire-de- 
partment, and leakage consumed the other half. The water-works 
are owned and operated by the city, through the board of city com 
missioners. The length of street-mains already laid, ranging in 
diameter from three inches to forty inches, is 180 miles. The aver- 
age price of water to consumers is twelve cents per 1,000 gallons. 

Water-works Park. — I^or many years this was the only park in 
the city. It lies on the southern slope of Mount Adams, facing the 
Ohio River, between which and the park is the Front-street pumping 
house. The old reservoir, a structure of solid masonry, occupies the 
most elevated portion. The grounds contain about three acres, and 
are tastefully ornamented with flowers, trees, and shrubbery. It is 
now but little used, greater attractions being found in Eden Park, 
close at hand. 

Weather House. — See Casino. 

Wesleyan College, the Cincinnati, a college for young women, 
and controlled by the Methodist-Episcopal Church, was founded in 
1842, and until 1865 occupied the building on Vine Street, between 
Sixth and Seventh, now known as Aug's Club-House. That prop- 
erty is owned by "The Cincinnati Enquirer," and the former chief 
recitation-room of the college used as "The Enquirer's" mechan- 
ical department. On the abandonment and subdivision of the old 
Catherine-street burying-ground, the college association erected an 
elegant college building, which was completed in 1868, on a portion 
of the abandoned ground, on the west side of what is now known as 
Wesley Avenue, in the rear of Christie Chapel Methodist-Episcopal 
Church. The building is of Gothic architecture, four stories high 
besides the mansard roof, 90 feet wide, and 180 feet front on Wesley 
Avenue. The building and site are valued at $225,000, the building 
alone having cost $135,000. The courses of study comprise the 
primary, academic, and collegiate, music, drawing, and painting. 
Boarding-pupils arc accommodated in the college building. The 
average daily attendance during the year is about 225. Many Cm- 





v% 















t vm* 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 229 

cinnati ladies prominent in charitable and educational works are 
alumnae of this college : among them may be mentioned the wife of 
President Hayes. 

Wesley Chapel is the mother-church of Methodism in Cincinnati. 
The first class was organized in 1804, and consisted of only eight 
persons ; but so rapid was the growth of the church, that in less 
than two years the leaders of the society determined to secure a lot, 
and erect upon it a house of worship. They accordingly purchased 
from James Kirby, lots eighteen and nineteen on the north-west cor- 
ner of Fifth Street and Broadway, at that time in the midst of open 
fields. Kirby's deed was dated Sept. 25, 1805 ; and the grant was 
made by himself and wife to William Lynes, Robert Richardson, 
Christopher Smith, James Gibson, and James Kirby, as trustees. A 
small stone house was put up; and, when this became too small, a 
brick addition was built in the rear. In process of time, even this 
was outgrown ; and in 1829 the present building was erected. The 
membership of the church was then 1,250. The little class of 1804 
has now grown into 20 churches, with over 5,000 members. 

West End, the. — This term was originally applied to that por- 
tion of the city west of Central Avenue and north of Sixth Street to 
Court ; the partially settled territory north of the latter street being 
known as Texas, in which stood the Bull's-Head Tavern, now at the 
corner of John and Findlay Streets. The march of improvement 
and population drove out most of the Texas slaughter-houses, soap- 
factories, and tanneries ; and the entire district has been rebuilt with 
substantial and many elegant private residences, churches, and other 
public buildings. The term "West End" is now applied to all that 
portion of the city north of Fourth Street, and west of John to the 
Mill-creek bottoms. It contains about one-half the population of 
Cincinnati. 

Western Insurance Company of Cincinnati holds a perpetual 
charter granted in 1836 ; but did not begin business until 1854, when 
twenty per cent on the capital of $100,000 was paid in. In four 
years the company's earnings made the capital full paid, and since 
1858 semi-annual dividends have always been paid. The total divi- 
dends amount to over $310,000, and the average is twelve and a half 
per cent a year. Fifteen consecutive semi-annual dividends were ten 
per cent each, and eleven consecutive semi-annual dividends were 
eight per cent each. The net assets ©f the Western are $183,547. 



23° Picturesque Cincinnati. 

The first president of the company was T. F. Eckert, who held the 
position for twenty-four consecutive years until his death in 1878. 
His successor is F. X. Reno, who previously had been the secretary 
Charles F. Runck is secretary. Office, 82 West Third Street. 

Western Methodist Book Concern was established in Cincin- 
nati in 1824, to publish and circulate religious books and periodicals, 
chiefly in support of the Methodist-Episcopal Church, to whom the 
property belongs, and by whose General Conference the agents and 
editors are elected. The buildings include a beautiful four-story 
freestone building fronting at 190 West Fourth Street, in which on 
the first floor is the magnificent Methodist Bookstore, and on the 
uppers are the editors' and agents' rooms ; and also a back-building, 
five stories high, containing one of the largest and most complete 
book and job printing and binding establishments in the West. The 
agents are Walden & Stowe. 

Western Society for the Suppression of Vice has for its 
object the enforcement of all laws for the suppression of the trade 
in and circulation of obscene printed matter and pictures and articles 
of indecent and immoral use. 

Western Tract Society aims " to supply an evangelical literature, 
and to apply it for the reformation and salvation of men." It was 
commenced in 1852, and publishes tracts and papers for the sabbath- 
school and for the family. It is undenominational. The principal 
paper is "The Christian Press." Place of business, 176 Elm Street. 

Wharves. — Along the eleven miles of river-front, there are many 
wharves, popularly called landings. Most of these, in number and 
extent of lineal feet, are private property, arid are used for log-rafts, 
coal-boats and barges, and lumber. The extensive coal-dealers, who 
have elevators, generally own their landings. So also with the 
Marine Railway and Dry-dock Company, and the large saw-mill 
owners of Pendleton, Fulton, Columbia, and Sedamsville. The Pub- 
lic Landing — that owned by the city — extends from a point a short 
distance east of the water-works, west to Mill Creek. The greater 
portion of this is leased to private parties, ferries, steamboat-lines, 
and others. The Public Landing proper extends from Broadway to 
Race Street, and within this limit all general steamboat traffic is 
confined. The city maintains a wharf-master and wharf-register to 
collect wharfage-fees and to look after its wharf-interests in general. 

Widows' and Old Men's Home is situated in Walnut Hills, and 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 231 

is one of the largest and finest structures of its kind in this country. 
It consists of two wings, one of whicii is occupied by the Widows' 
Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women, and the other by 
the Old Men's Home. The building is of brick, 237 feet by 181 feet, 
three stories, and cost $80,000. This home is the result of the amal- 
gamation of these two associations. The former was organized in 
1848, incorporated in 1851, and, until 1879, owned and occupied a 
building on Highland Avenue, Mount Auburn. The building became 
too small to accommodate all applicants; and in 1879 the management 
of the Old Men's Home proposed the creation of a common fund, 
with which to erect a commodious building in Walnut Hills, which 
should be sufficiently large to accommodate both institutions. This 
was done, and resulted in the building above described. The corner- 
stone was laid July 2, 1879, anc ^ tne structure was completed Septem- 
ber, 1880. The conditions of admission to the Widows' Home are 
the possession of a good character, and payment of $100 by the ap- 
plicant, who must not be under 60 years of age. To the Old Men's 
Home the same conditions apply, as to age and respectability, with 
this addition : charges of admission are, from 60 to 65 years of age, 
S300; from 65 to 70, $250; over 70, $150. The inmate also transfers 
to the home ^aUL personal or real property he may be possessed of, 
save such as is necessary for his personal expenses. There are at 
present 9 inmates in the Old Men's Home, and 60 in the Widows' 
Home. The home is under the supervision of a board of lady man- 
agers, with gentleman trustees, and is supported by endowment-funds 
and donations, the latter being swelled by the private fortunes of some 
of the inmates. Mrs. P. Mallon is president, and Mrs. N. A. Jeffras 
secretary. The home can be reached by the Walnut-hills and Mount- 
Adams inclined-plane horse-cars. 

Widows' Home, the Bodmann German. — Located on Highland 
Avenue, Mount Auburn ; and named after Mr. Ferdinand Bodmann, 
one of Cincinnati's prominent German merchants. The buildings 
were formerly used as an American Widows' Home, and the problem 
of its successful management was a matter much thought of and fre- 
quently discussed by Mr. Bodmann. His daughter, Mrs. J. B. Gib- 
son, in the spirit of her father, actuated by a desire to ameliorate 
the lonely condition of worthy German widows, took a positive step 
towards bringing to a practical 'issue the thoughts of many years, 
and in 1881 purchased the buildings, remodelled them, and presented 



232 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

them to a representative assemblage of German ladies of Cincinnati 
to be used as a Widows' Home. Steps were immediately taken to 
incorporate the Home, which was accomplished July 8, 1881, with 
Louis Ballauf, Charles Jacob, jun., And. Erkenbrecher, Ferdinand 
Vogeler, and John B. Gibson as incorporators. The object of the 
incorporation is to provide a home for aged and helpless German 
Protestant widows who are alone in the world. The conditions of 
admission are the payment of $100, and the possession of a good 
character by the applicant. The buildings are of brick, four stories 
in height, and contain fifty-four rooms and accommodations for about 
a hundred inmates. They are surrounded by about two acres of 
ground beautifully laid out and ornamented. There are at present 
sixteen inmates. The Home is under the supervision of three trus- 
tees and twenty-eight lady managers. It has an endowment fund of 
between $15,000 and $20,000. Reached by Main-street horse-cars 
and Mount-Auburn Inclined-plane, also by Elm-street and Walnut- 
hills horse-cars. Visitors admitted. 

Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co. are publishers of law, medical, scien- 
tific, and miscellaneous books, as well as manufacturing stationers. 
The business was established in 1842, and the firm name changed 
to its present style in 1870. The firm is composed of Charles F. 
Wilstach and F. H. Baldwin. In manufacturing blank-books and 
office-supplies for railroads, banks, and other corporations, mercantile 
houses, and municipalities, this is the leading house in the South- 
west. The manufacturing department occupies two large buildings, 
— one 25 by 80 feet, four stories high ; and the other 30 by 80 feet, 
five stories high. The sales and ware rooms occupy two large floors, 
each 42 by 120 feet. The establishment gives employment to about 
100 hands. The bindery is one of the largest and best in the city, 
and is in charge of Mr. Wilstach, who for eighteen years was presi- 
dent of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, for nearly four years mayor 
of Cincinnati, and was the president of the first of the present series 
of the Cincinnati Industrial Expositions. 

Women's Art-Museum Association. — See Art. 

Women's Christian Association is an institution not only 
worthy of all the support it receives, but also entitled to the most 
liberal encouragement that the people can afford. Its object is the 
temporal, moral, and religious welfare of women dependent on their 
own exertions for a livelihood. To further this object, three depart- 






Picturesque Cincinnati. 233 

ments have been established, — a business-women's boarding-house, 
a committee on employment, and a committee on city-missionary 
work. The boarding-house is not a charity-home ; but it is a com- 
fortable home for women desirous of paying their way, and at the 
same time of living in a very respectable yet economical manner. 
S3. 50 a week is the maximum price, except for single rooms, when 
the prices vary from $4 to $5. The house, at 100 Broadway, with 
accommodations for forty ladies, is owned by the association. A 
number of young ladies attending the College of Music and the 
schools are among the boarders. The employment-bureau is at 267 
West Fourth Street, and is open from nine a.m. to four p.m. During 
the year 1882, there were 1,662 applications for situations filed, and 
726 situations found. The mission committee have organized three 
"mothers' meetings," the work of a Bible-reader, who is really a 
city missionary, and visiting committees. A mothers' meeting is a 
place where the poor women of a neighborhood are gathered to- 
gether, to learn to sew, while conversation about general and religious 
matters is carried on. 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union is a re-organization 
of the "Women Crusaders." It was organized in 1875, to promote 
temperance sentiment by preaching the gospel to those addicted to 
drinking, and to those engaged in the liquor-traffic. It holds regular 
meetings at its hall, 115 West Sixth Street, on Sunday, Tuesdaj', and 
Thursday afternoons, at four o'clock. The Reform Club, an out- 
growth and auxiliary of the Union, meets in the same hall Saturday 
evenings at eight o'clock. Any person can attend the meetings. 
Since 1875 about 5,700 persons have signed the temperance pledge 
of the Union and of the Reform Club. The dues of the Union are 
sixty cents a year; but the main support comes from collections, 
donations, and from sustaining members. 

Women's Dispensary Association. — A free dispensary for the 
treatment of diseases peculiar to females, in charge of lady physi- 
cians of the homoeopathic school, and open daily at 306 Linn Street. 

Woodburn, a beautiful village on the hills in the eastern part of 
the city, is three miles distant from the Post-Office, and may be 
reached either by the Walnut-hills or by the Eden-park street-cars. 
It is the residence of some of the wealthiest Cincinnatians, whose 
handsome houses and well-kept grounds make this one of the most 
beautiful of the suburbs. At the corner of Woodburn Avenue and 



234 Picturesque Cincinnati. 

Madisonville Pike is the handsome Catholic Church of St. Francis 
de Sales. 

Woodland Garden. — See East-end Garden. 

Woodward College. — The predecessor of Woodward High- 
School, under the presidency of William Woodward, its founder^ 
In 1853 the old college building was torn down, to make room for 
the elegant high-school building which now occupies the site. The 
alumni of the college, of whom many are living in the city, designate 
themselves " Old Woodward Boys." 

Woodward High-School, founded by William Woodward, is 
located on Franklin Street, between Broadway and Sycamore. Pro- 
motions to enter the school are made from pupils who pass a satis- 
factory examination in the intermediate schools. Pupils to be eligible 
for attendance must reside in the district lying north of Clark Street, 
and east of Central Avenue from Clark Street to the Ohio River. 
On. the other side of this line, high-school pupils must attend the 
Hughes High-School. The high-schools are managed by the union 
board of high-schools, composed of six delegates from the board of 
education, five delegates from the board of trustees of the Wood- 
ward Fund, and two delegates from the trustees of the Hughes Fund. 
The average number of pupils in attendance at Woodward is about 
four hundred and twenty-five. French, German, Latin, and Greek 
are taught, and all the elements of a first-class common-school educa- 
tion. Graduates are admitted to the University of Cincinnati without 
examination. 

Woodward Monument. — See Monuments. 

Workhouse, the Cincinnati, is an immense building situated on 
the Colerain Pike, in Camp Washington, adjoining the House of 
Refuge. It consists of a central structure five stories high, with 
wings, the height of three stories, in which are the cell-rooms, each 
wing ending in a building of four stories. The frontage of the whole 
edifice is 510 feet. The south wing contains the cells for male pris- 
oners, ranged in a single block of six tiers, reached by iron stairways. 
This block contains 360 cells. The north wing, similarly arranged, 
contains 240 cells for female prisoners. The main building contains 
the office, the family-rooms of the resident superintendent and secre- 
tary, and the prisoners' kitchen. A chapel stands immediately in 
the rear of the central structure, into which a Catholic altar can be 
wheeled when occasion requires. Services are held every Sunday 



*a 




■■'■': ' 






* fjr 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 237 

morning at ten o'clock ; and, although none are required to be pres- 
ent, there is scarcely any one absent. The grounds back of the prjson 
are surrounded by a wall of masonry fifteen feet high. Within this 
enclosure are the workshops, founderies, blacksmith's-shop, tool- 
houses, guard and other houses of sufficient size to give employment 
to all prisoners the workhouse will accommodate. Commitments are 
made by the police-court and court of common pleas for all crimes 
and misdemeanors the punishment for which is of a less grade than 
imprisonment in the penitentiary. The grounds contain 26 acres. 
The daily average number of prisoners is about 460. The Work- 
house is managed by a board of five directors, appointed by the 
mayor, and confirmed by the council. Horse-cars, — the Avenue line ; 
fare, 5 cents from the city. 

Workmen, Ancient Order of United. — A mutual benefit and 
insurance association, in which the members receive weekly sick- 
benefits, and at death the widow or other heirs receive the sum of 
$2,000. The Qualifications for membership are a good moral char- 
acter and sound health, the latter determined by an examining sur- 
geon. The order is very strong in Cincinnati, there being 22 lodges. 
In the State there is an aggregate membership of about 2,700, and in 
the entire order about 66,000. Annual dues, from $4 to $6 ; assess- 
ment for each death, $1.10. 

Yale Club, founded in 1863, is said to be the oldest regularly 
organized alumni association in this country. Its object is to bring 
together the graduates of Yale College, at least once a year, so as 
to keep alive the memories of Alma Mater. The annual dinner takes 
place during the Christmas vacation, in order that instructors, gradu- 
ates, and undergraduates, who are in the city for the holidays, may 
be present. The young members have formed a Junior Yale Club, 
as a branch of the older club ; and in the spring an informal supper 
is held at Boman's, at which about twenty members are present. At 
the regular dinner as many as seventy-five persons have been present. 

Young Men's Bible Society of Cincinnati, one of the oldest 
local institutions of the kind, was founded in 1834, as an auxiliary to 
the American Bible Society, when Salmon P. Chase was elected its 
president, which position he held for ten years. The object of the 
society is to circulate the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment. 
During the year 1881-82 there were distributed 3,035 Bibles and 
6,388 Testaments; 552 Bibles and 1,170 Testaments were donated. 



%$& Picturesque Cincinnati. 

The membership-list embraces the names of prominent clergymen 
and laymen of every denomination, as the society is non-sectarian in 
its character. The rooms are at 176 Elm Street. 

Women's Exchange, an enterprise started Feb. 1, 1883, and 
patterned after similar organizations in the East, has for its object 
the establishment of a headquarters where women desirous of con 
tributing towards their own support may deposit for sale articles of 
their own home-production, such as embroideries, paintings, potteries, 
canned fruits, specimens of culinary art, etc. It is managed by a 
board of thirty directors, and is located at. 247 Race. 

Young Men's Christian Association was established Oct. 4, 
1848, and is the oldest association of this kind on the American 
continent. It has occupied the present premises, a large five-story, 
stone-front building, situated on the south-east corner of Sixth and 
Elm Streets, since 1874. The association hall has a seating capacity 
of 300, and has two reading rooms, with a library of 1,500 volumes ; 
besides which there are social parlors, with chess and parlor-croquet 
rooms, baths, etc Prayer meetings are held week-days at twelve 
o'clock, and Saturday, Sunday, and Monday evenings at eight o'clock, 
Bible-classes are taught on Sundays at four p.m., and Thursdays at 
eight p.m. Free lectures and concerts and other entertainments once 
a week. Services are held by the committees at the hospitals, jail, 
and workhouse. Cottage meetings and open-air services are also 
held. The city missionaries and Bible-readers hold services the first 
Monday evening in each month. Gospel temperance-meetings are 
held on the last Monday evening of the month. Sunday-school 
teachers' class meets for study every Saturday at twelve o'clock. The 
primary Sunday-school teachers meet Saturdays at three p.m. Medi- 
cal students' prayer-meeting Saturday evenings in their parlor at 
half-past seven o'clock. Deaf and dumb hold social and religious 
services alternate Saturday evenings at eight o'clock. Monthly busi- 
ness meetings, the first Tuesday evening of every month ; and the 
anniversary of the association is held on the first Tuesday evening 
in November. The Young Men's Christian Association Quarterly 
Reporter is issued regularly. Employment and boarding houses are 
found free of charge. Open on week-days from eight a.m. to ten 
p.m. The whole is open free to the public. The membership com- 
prises 1,400 ladies and gentlemen. Active and associate members 
pay $2 a year each. Active members are male members of evangel- 



Picturesque Cincinnati. 241 

ical churches; and associate members comprise men not members of 
evangelical churches, and women, whether church members of- not 
The members are privileged to enter the classes for instruction. The 
expenses are met chiefly by contributions. A contribution of $10 a 
year is called a sustaining-member; and $500 paid at one time, or 
Si 00 each year for five years, makes a life-member. 

Young Men's Hebrew Association occupies rooms north-east 
corner of Eighth Street and Central Avenue. It has a reading-room, 
gives literary, musical, and social entertainments, and aims to secure 
employment for the members. Dues, life-membership, $50; initia- 
tion, $1.50; annual assessments, $4.00. 

Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, in College 
Building, has 40,000 volumes, 5,000 pamphlets, fine statuary, paint 
ings, etc. The reading-room is comfortable and cosey, and contains 
upwards of 200 papers and periodicals. Terms, $5 for yearly, $50 
for life, and $100 for perpetual membership. Open every day from 
eight a M. to ten p.m. Strangers admitted. H. B- Morehead is 
president, and John M. Newton librarian. 

Zoological Society of Cincinnati owns the largest and finest 
zoological gardens in the United States. The buildings are as costly 
and as substantial as those of the zoological gardens in Europe. 
The grounds include 66 acres beautifully improved. There are 830 
specimens of animals and birds, from all parts of the world. Fre- 
quently there are balls, picnics, and special attractions, and on Thurs- 
day evenings there is a ''fete" The restaurant inside the garden 
furnishes good food at moderate prices. The gardens were opened 
in 1875, and since that time about $300,000 have been expended. 
They are situated in the south-west corner of Avondale, and front 
on the Carthage Pike. Admission, 25 cents for adults; 10 cents for 
children ; free for stockholders. Horse-cars, — Elm-street, Vine- 
street, or Main-street lines. Ask for coupon-ticket to "Zoo;" fare, 
10 cents. The success of these gardens is clue chiefly to the liberal- 
ity of A. Erkenbrecher and Julius J. Eantlin, to the ability of Frank 
J. Thompson the superintendent, and to the enterprise of Neil C. 
Kerr the excursion manager. The officers are, S. Lester Taylor 
president, Otto Laist vice-president, Frank A. Thompson secretary. 






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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 573 528 2 



